Chapter 6. Electrochemical energy storage
O. Haas and E. J. Cairns, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. C: Phys. Chem., 1999, 95, 163 DOI: 10.1039/PC095163
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Ecology of the Major Periphytic Diatom Communities from the Mesta River, Bulgaria
Abstract Epilithon, epiphyton, epipelon, epipsammon and plocon diatom samples and water chemistry samples were collected bimonthly from 11 stations along the Mesta River, Bulgaria between December 1989 and April 1991. Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation, and dominance analysis were employed for describing…
Construction of a Glucose Biosensor Immobilized With Glucose Oxidase in the Film of Polypyrrole Nanotubules
By electrochemical adsorption of glucose oxidase (GO) on a polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubular layer, a glucose biosensor has been fabricated. PPy microtubules can be synthesized by oxidative polymerization of the pyrrole monomer within the pores of a polycarbonate template. The activities of immobilized GO are investigated…
Responses of three freshwater planktonic ciliates with different feeding modes to cryptophyte and diatom prey
The filter feeding oligotrich ciliate Strobilidium lacustris, the raptorial prostome ciliate Balanion planctonicu~n and the diffusion feeding scuticociliate Histiobalantium bodamicurn could be cultivated for months/years on a sole &et of Cryptomonas sp., whereas the diatom Stephanodiscus hantzschii did not support the…
Microphase separation in poly(isoprene-b-ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer melts. I. Phase state and kinetics of the order-to-order transitions
The phase state and the kinetics of the order-to-order transitions have been studied in a series of poly(isoprene-b-ethylene oxide) (PI-PEO) diblock copolymers with a PI volume fraction in the range 0.25<fPI<0.92, using small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), and rheology. The mean-field theory (MFT) struct…
Immobilization of Rh(PPh3)3Cl on phosphinated MCM-41 for catalytic hydrogenation of olefins
The complex Rh(PPh3)3Cl immobilized on MCM-41 modified with (OEt)3Si(CH2)3PPh2 results in a stable hydrogenation catalyst with turnover frequency (TOF) three times higher than that of Rh(PPh3)3Cl in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene.
Theory of colossal magnetoresistance in doped manganites
The exchange interaction of polaronic carriers with localized spins leads to a ferromagnetic/paramagnetic transition in doped charge-transfer insulators with strong electron-phonon coupling. The relative strength of the exchange and electron-phonon interactions determines whether the transition is first or second orde…
Theory of PbTiO3, BaTiO3, and SrTiO3 surfaces
First-principles total-energy calculations are carried out for (001) surfaces of the cubic perovskite ATiO3 compounds PbTiO3, BaTiO3, and SrTiO3. Both AO-terminated and TiO2-terminated surfaces are considered, and fully-relaxed atomic configurations are determined. In general, BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 are found to have a rat…
Aluminum Foam Stabilization by Solid Particles
A room temperature water model and a high temperature molten aluminum system were designed and constructed to investigate the effect of solid particles on the stabilization of foams. The average foam life was used to evaluate the stability of the foam. The effects of particle size, wetability, and concentration of the…
Thermal decomposition of Mg/Al and Mg/Ga layered-double hydroxides: a spectroscopic study
An Mg/Al and a Mg/Ga layered double hydroxide (LDH) were synthesized by using the coprecipitation method and calcined at a variety of temperatures. The starting LDHs and their calcination products (mixtures of oxides and spinels) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR and IR spectroscopies and thermo…
Device applications of charge transport in discotic liquid crystals
We discuss some of the unique structural and electronic properties of discotic liquid crystals, particularly the nature of the ‘band structure’, and of charge injection from metal electrodes. Attempts have been made to use conducting discotic liquid crystals in electroluminescent devices and in gas sensors. The latter…
An Ethnobotanical Survey of Herbal Drugs of Gourma District, Mali
The Gourma population has a vast knowledge of medicinal plants, as demonstrated in this survey carried out between 1999 to 1991 with herbalists, traditional healers and resource persons, as well as 424 households as informants. This investigation includes 42 species of major use in native medicine for rural health car…
MnO2 by XPS
Manganese compounds have many applications in areas such as catalysis, electrochemistry, and metallurgy, among others. Distinguishing between the various chemical states of manganese is an important aspect of research in many of these areas. It has been shown that the different chemical states of manganese can be iden…
Aluminum foam stabilization by solid particles
A room temperature water model and a high temperature molten aluminum system were designed and constructed to investigate the effect of solid particles on the stabilization of foams. The average foam life was used to evaluate the stability of the foam. The effects of particle size, wetability, and concentration of the…
Self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis of ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Mg, Ba, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn); reactions in an external magnetic field
Spinel ferrites of the form MFe 2 O 4 (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) and rhombohedral BaFe 2 O 4 have been prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reactions from iron, cobalt, iron(III) oxide and metal(II) oxides or peroxides. The driving force for the reactions is the oxidation of iron or cobalt powde…
Bicomponent WO 3 / TiO2 Films as Photoelectrodes
An analysis of the capability of porous rungsten trioxide films as a material for photocurrent generation was performed. The photogeneration properties of single‐component and films and bicomponent films were compared. The morphology, structure, fundamental absorption edge, flatband potential, vibration spectra, and p…
Fabrications of broad-band RF-absorber composed of planar hexagonal ferrites
Single-layer absorbers composed of sintered planar hexagonal ferrites were developed. The absorbers have 50/spl sim/90% relative bandwidth at microwave frequencies. The broadband characteristics were successfully analyzed by a quarter-wavelength resonator model, which took into account both a wavelength reduction due…
Conjugated metallopolymers. Redox polymers with interacting metal based redox sites
Hybrid materials which combine the electronic conductivity of conjugated polymers and the redox and optical properties of metal complexes are being developed to take advantage of synergistic electronic interactions. Many systems show a splitting of the metal redox wave analogous to that in dinuclear complexes with thr…
Solid state metathesis routes to transition metal carbides
Flame initiated (800 °C, 10 s) or bulk thermal (2 days, 1000 °C) reactions of mixed powders of transition metal halides and CaC 2 or Al 4 C 3 produce transition metal carbides (TiC, ZrC, HfC, V 8 C 7 , NbC, TaC, Cr 3 C 2 , Mo 2 C and WC) in good yields. The carbides were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction, SEM/…
Lead-free ferroelectric relaxor ceramics in the BaTiO3-BaZrO3-CaTiO3 system
Relative permittivity studies of ceramics with a variety of compositions in the BaTiO 3 -BaZrO 3 -CaTiO 3 system showed some of them to be ferroelectric relaxors at temperatures close to 295 K. Such a favourable effect is due to the Ca 2+ for Ba 2+ cationic substitution. In addition a spontaneous classical ferroelectr…