Materials Literature
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Textile fibers are classified as either natural fibers: vegetable, animal, and mineral fibers; or man-made fibers: regenerated, semisynthetic, synthetic, and inorganic fibers. The physical and chemical properties of textile fibers and their geometry are critical to optimal processing. Man-made fibers are frequently mo…
The film thickness-dependent imprinting behavior (voltage shift) of (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 capacitors was evaluated by a thermal stress process under a remanence bias. The remanent polarization (Pr) was found to be almost independent of the film thickness whereas in the 50–300 nm range the relative dielectric constant (εr…
This chapter provides a brief introduction to the following basic ideas pertaining to thermoelastic phase transitions: the lattice theory of martensite, phase boundaries, energy minimization, Weierstrass-Erdmann corner conditions, phase equilibrium, nonequilibrium processes, hysteresis, the notion of driving force, dy…
Abstract The synthesis of A 4 B 4 miktoarm star copolymers, where A is polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) and B is polystyrene (PSt), was accomplished with orthogonal initiators and consecutive cationic ring‐opening polymerization (CROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The compound formed in situ from the rea…
The appearance of biquadratic exchange coupling between soft Fe and hard SmCo thin layers is found. The remanent magnetization in the Fe layer reorients from parallel to perpendicular with respect to the SmCo easy axis after application of large enough negative field. To explain such an unexpected behavior in contacti…
Transport across an ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}$ (LSMO/YBCO) interface is studied as a function of temperature and surface morphology. For comparison, control measurements are performed in nonmagnetic heterostructures of $…
We have constructed a dual-probe scanning tunneling microscope (D-STM). We used multiwall carbon nanotubes [(NT), diameter: ∼10 nm] as STM probes. The D-STM allows us to elucidate the electric property of a sample with a spatial resolution of ∼1 nm. Using this system, we have measured the current–voltage curves of a s…
Abstract An account of conventional dynamic thermal analysis (TA) with respect to uncertainties, failures, successes, and limitations as applied to solid‐state (s‐s) processes is discussed. A review of some controversial aspects of TA is presented. The scope is to discuss in three parts the adequate understanding of T…
The pulsed laser ablation method has been used to form GaAs nanocrystals. A quadrupled frequency Nd:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser beam is focused onto a GaAs single crystal target, and a nitrogen flowing gas is sent at the neighborhood of the target in order to transfer in an ethanol bath, the nanoparticles grown in g…
We report the fabrication of nanometer scale ordered arrays of magnetic cylindrical nanoparticles with low aspect ratio (height/radius a=0.2–7) and ultrahigh uniformity. Anodization and electrochemical deposition are employed for template synthesis and metal particle growth, respectively. Particle uniformity is achiev…
The dynamics of oligomer desorption from surfaces has been studied by measuring the desorption kinetics of a set of straight chain alkanes [ $\mathrm{H}({\mathrm{CH}}_{2}{)}_{n}\mathrm{H}$, with $n\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}5$ to 60] from the surface of single crystalline graphite. Desorption i…
Fe-clad MgB2 long tapes have been fabricated using a powder-in-tube technique. An Mg + 2B mixture was used as the central conductor core and reacted in-situ to form MgB2. The tapes were sintered in pure Ar at 800 ^(o) C for 1 h at ambient pressure. SEM shows a highly dense core with a large grain size of 100 micron. T…
A new regime of low-temperature heat transfer in suspended nanowires is predicted. It takes place when (i) only "acoustic" phonon modes of the wire are thermally populated and (ii) phonons are subject to the effective elastic scattering. Qualitatively, the main peculiarities of heat transfer originate due to the appea…
In view of the strong anisotropy of oxygen diffusion in high-Tc ceramic YBa2Cu3Ox, it is supposed that a polycrystalline sample of this material can be presented as consisting of crystal grains where each grain was formed by a certain sequence of layers with tetragonal or orthorhombic phase structure. The theory of sc…
In this work we present the calculation of the excitonic transition energies in ZnO/MgZnO quantum well heterostructures, accounting for the effects of the exciton–phonon interaction. The results of our calculations clearly show that the description of the electron–hole interaction by means of the static screened Coulo…
$\mathrm{Tl}{}_{9}\mathrm{BiTe}{}_{6}$ exhibits a thermoelectric figure of merit of $\mathrm{ZT}\ensuremath{\sim}1.2$ around 500 K, which significantly exceeds the state-of-the-art materials in this temperature range. The extraordinary thermoelectric performance is mainly due to the extremely low thermal conductivity…
The relationship between elastic strain gradient and electric polarization was investigated in the relaxor ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate ceramic. Experimental studies indicated that flexoelectric polarization is linearly proportional to the applied strain gradient, and the flexoelectric coefficient μ12 is calcu…
For the ferroelectric perovskite compounds ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3},$ we have studied the effects of external electric fields on the structural properties of the (001) surfaces. The field-induced changes in the surface interlayer spacings and bucklings have been calculated using a first-princip…
The miscibility and phase behavior in blends of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were studied by dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and optical microscopy (OM). PVB is regarded as a random copolymer containing vinyl butyral (VB) and vinyl alcohol (VA) units. In this stud…
Intermolecular contacts in crystals of monoclinic form hen egg-white lysozyme were analyzed using the macrobond approach. Both the macroscopic crystal morphology and the microscopic morphology observed by atomic force microscopy were explained well using macrobond energies. The features of the advancing steps of the g…