Materials Literature
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The influence of electrocaloric and pyroelectric effects on a phase transition in a ferroelectric material has been studied. The difference in the parameters of the Landau model for isothermal and adiabatic processes has been indicated. The temperature dependence of the spontaneous polarization is described by a speci…
Valve and girdle band morphogenesis in a bipolar centric diatom Plagiogrammopsis vanheurckii was examined under SEM. This is the first report demonstrating that the earliest stages of a bipolar centric valve exhibit a ring-shaped pattern centre, the annulus, although the presence of the annulus in mature valves has be…
In this paper we report the synthesis and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 6 to 20 nm were prepared in a chitosan matrix. Size selection was achieved by introducing a nonionic surfactant Tween-X, where X={20, 60, 80, and 85}. Aqueous dispersions of Tween-X show mi…
Tumor metastases occur through both the cardiovascular and lymphatic circulations. However, the majority of nanoparticle biodistribution studies have been focused on the cardiovascular circulation. In this study, we report the formulation of Cy5-labeled polylactide (Cy5-PLA) nanoparticles with controlled size and surf…
Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite/BaTiO3 composites with different additive amounts of B2O3–Bi2O3–SiO2–ZnO (BBSZ) glass have been prepared by a conventional solid-reaction method and sintered at 900 °C to adapt to low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The dielectric and magnetic properties of the composites can be effecti…
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) of perpendicularly magnetized L10-CoPt/Co2MnSi/MgO/FePt structure were fabricated. In-plane x-ray diffraction measurements and element specific evaluation of magnetic properties using soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism were carried out to examine quite thin Co2MnSi (CMS) inserted l…
The effects of cap layer and grain structure on electromigration (EM) reliability of Cu/low-k interconnects were investigated for the 45 nm technology node. Compared to the SiCN cap only, the CoWP capped samples showed a 40× lifetime improvement with a small lifetime variation (σ = 0.34) at the M1 level. By tuning the…
The effect of copper (Cu) barrier film deposition process on the Cu interconnects was investigated, including the waiting time between Cu chemical mechanical polishing and the barrier dielectric deposition, the preheating time, ammonia (NH3) plasma treatment prior to the barrier dielectric deposition, and various type…
The successful operation (with β ≤ 60%, classical ions and electrons with Te = 250 eV) of the gas dynamic trap device at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia, extrapolates to a 2 MW/m2 dynamic trap neutron source (DTNS), which burns only ~100 g of tritium per full-power year. The DTNS has no…
We synthesized both the V 2 O 5 xerogel and the composite V 2 O 5 xerogel/C starting from the solution of V 2 O 5 in hydrogen peroxide. After the characterization by XRD, thermal (TGA-DTA), SEM methods and by particle size analysis, the investigation of Li + and Mg 2+ intercalation/deintercalation reactions in an aque…
A three-phase magnetoelectric (ME) composite consisting of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 rods embedded in a matrix of Terfenol-D/epoxy (TDE) pseudo 1–3 composites has been fabricated. Besides the large ME effect, its frequency response under a magnetic bias field has been studied. It was found that the resonance shifts to lower frequen…
Abstract Three synthetic routes to hydrophobic silica nanoparticles are compared in this paper. First, the established synthetic method based on the Stöber process was examined. Monodisperse colloidal silica particles with diameters of 15–25 nm were prepared via the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) by aqu…
The thermal stability of nanocrystalline diamond films with 10–30 nm grain size deposited by microwave enhanced chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrate was investigated as a function of annealing temperature up to 1200 °C. The thermal stability of the surface-upper atomic layers was studied with near edge x-ray…
Nonmagnetic Al substitution effect on the stability of a ferromagnetic (FM) metallic state in double-exchange manganite, La0.825Sr0.175MnO3, was investigated by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in combination with magnetic measurements. Both FM transition temperature (Tc) and the rhombohedral-to-orthorh…
The effect of surface modification by nanoparticles of metal compounds was investigated by means of gas and vapor adsorption analysis. The surface of activated carbon fiber cloths was modified by loading of Li2CO3 and MgO nanoparticles. The particles on the carbon surface played as initial adsorption site of water mol…
Hypermonotectic alloys are distinguished by a temperature region for which the homogeneous melt decomposes into two liquid phases. In Al-based hypermonotectics, the minority phase is much higher in density than the matrix melt phase and consequently macro-segregation due to sedimentation is an inherent problem when ca…
Offshore structures that are made of austenitic stainless steels are exposed to a severe corrosion environment, with fracturing of the passive film occurring by chloride ion intrusion, stress from dynamic external forces and fatigue due to wave and tidal forces.In this paper, we report our evaluation of the durability…
Abstract Effects of temperature, T , and pressure, P , on phase behavior and structure are discussed on three types of polymeric systems, i.e., a homopolymer (HP), a block copolymer (BC), and a protein (PR) in water. Due to the presence of hydrophobic groups, each system underwent a T ‐induced and P ‐induced phase sep…
Synthetic antiferromagnetic nanoparticles (SAFNPs) have been successfully coated with two different kinds of silanes, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 2-[methoxy(polyethyleneoxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane. The morphology of SAF particles is characterized by scanning electron microscopy and magnetic properties by alterna…
This paper presents a analysis method to estimate the hysteresis torque of a permanent magnet motor using core loss data without hysteresis loop. In the motor which is used in the electric power steering system, the analysis of hysteresis torque is important to predict accurate offset torque including bearing friction…