Materials Literature
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The resistance degradation behavior of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BST) and SrTiO3 (ST) thin films is compared to the degradation behavior of titanate single crystals and ceramics with respect to the dependence on parameters such as temperature, thickness of the sample, applied voltage, acceptor dopant concentration and electrode…
A simple and rapid “gelatinization index” can be useful for following thermal treatments and evaluating the effects of different conditions on the sensorial and textural properties of foods. In order to evaluate the degree of gelatinization of thermal-treated starchy products (starches, flours) a method based on the W…
We report here on the results of our continuing effort to study the flame-retardant mechanism of silica gel and potassium carbonate. These additives reduce the flammability of a wide variety of common polymers such as polypropylene, nylon, polymethylmethacrylate, poly(vinyl alcohol), and cellulose. In an effort to det…
The study of “clattering” motion, that occurs when flat objects strike the ground at an oblique angle, is continued. Previously derived equations of motion are solved for values of several clattering quantities (like total number of impacts, maximum velocity jumps in the sequence, time-durations, etc.) for any value o…
The electrostrictive behavior in single crystals of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) and 0.93Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 - 0.07PbTiO3(PMN-7%PT) was investigated as a function of crystallographic direction. The pseudocubic nature of these materials became highly anisotropic at relatively high electric fields. The observed anisotropy was be…
Ab-initio density functional calculations were performed on the geometric and the electronic structures of coherent cube-on-cube interfaces between spinel (MgAl2O4) and the two metals Al and Ag. The calculations were carried out in the local density approximation (LDA) employing norm-conserving pseudopotentials and a…
The NMR properties of the solid lead (II) halides and the lead (II) hydroxyhalides are reported. The analysis shows extremely wide powder patterns in all cases except the lead (II) iodide. The results indicate that one should be able to distinguish the lead (II) halide from the corresponding lead (II) hydroxyhalide in…
Abstract The focus of this study is to investigate the sintering mechanism of polyethylene. Experiments were conducted to observe the high temperature sintering behaviors of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). It was found that the sintering of polyethylene follows Frenke's mod…
We have made the first calculations of i) the effect of an electric field on the structures corresponding to different phases exhibited by antiferroelectric liquid crystals (using a model proposed by us earlier), ii) the apparent tilt angle corresponding to these field distorted structures and iii) the conoscopic figu…
Additive nanolithography with electron-beam induced deposition is applied to generate a nanostructured integrated field emission electron source. The source is built into a lithographically fabricated pattern of connecting lines on a chip. Current stabilizing resistors are integrated in to the connecting lines with th…
BaTiO3 ceramic sintered in a reducing atmosphere in the presence of a TiO2-rich eutectic exhibits exaggerated anisotropic grain growth. The growth mechanism principally involves the dissolution of cubic matrix grains, a mass transport through the liquid phase and precipitation of a hexagonal polymorph. Under these con…
A number of alkylsilanes and alkylcarbosilanes of widely different molecular structure are characterized in terms of their ability to the formation of amorphous hydrogenated silicon‐carbon (a‐Si:C:H) film in atomic hydrogen‐induced chemical vapor deposition. The compounds containing only the Si‒C bonds or four‐membere…
To further investigate favorable effects of divalent cations on the formation of protein crystals, three complexes of Salmonella typhimurium histidine-binding protein were crystallized with varying concentrations of cadmium salts. For each of the three histidine-binding protein complexes, cadmium cations were found to…
Violation of Friedel's law in the non-systematic many-beam case has been used to determine the absolute orientation of crystals without center of symmetry in the transmission electron microscope. Microdiffraction patterns of thin (thickness < extinction distance) crystals with practically homogeneous thickness have be…
Zinc oxide films were deposited by CVD in air and nitrogen under atmospheric conditions using zinc acetate and zinc oxyacetate as the precursors. Factors for obtaining reproducible depositions were identified. The activation energies using zinc acetate as the precursor were ∼ 45 kJ mol–1 (±20%) both in air and in nitr…
Composites are an important class of optical materials for use in nonlinear optics. Among them, layered materials are very interesting. In the present paper we describe optical linear and nonlinear properties of layered materials which follow a suitable process to realize a self-similar or fractal structure.
The tensile strength of α‐Si 3 N 4 whiskers synthesized by reacting amorphous Si 3 N 4 and TiO 2 at 1490°C under a N 2 pressure of 700 torr was measured using a microbalance, and the diameter dependence of the strength was investigated. The Si 3 N 4 whiskers had diameters of 0.04 and 0.8 μm and dominant [1011] and [10…
Birefringence (B(f)), refractive indices, and their temperature derivatives (dB(f)/dT) determine the temperature characteristics of nonlinear-optical laser devices. The birefringences at different temperatures are analyzed critically by use of a new physically meaningful Sellmeier equation for what is to the author's…
Copper bicrystals with isoaxial [1̄49] twist boundaries and a (1̄49)/(001) “random” boundary were notched at the interface, left or right regarding the slip geometry, and intergranular cracks were propagated under strain control, to study how dislocation structure, crystallography and strain localization affect crack…
The porosity-modulation technique has been applied to improve the emission properties of the previously reported surface-emitting cold cathodes based on electroluminescent porous silicon (PS) diodes. It is demonstrated here that by introducing a modified structure into the PS layer, the emission efficiency is signific…