Materials Literature
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In a large Czochralski-grown Si(1-x)Ge(x) (0.02 </= x </= 0.07) gradient crystal, diffraction patterns have been measured in symmetrical Laue geometry using synchrotron radiation in the energy range 100-200 keV. The experimental data are in very good agreement with the results from geometrical optics theory for distor…
Amycolatopsis sp. strain HT-6, a poly(tetramethylene succinate) (PTMS)-degrading actinomycete, was observed to degrade poly(tetramethylene carbonate) (PTMC). In a liquid culture with 150 mg of PTMC film, 59% degradation was achieved, but with a low yield of cell growth. On the other hand, PTMS copolymerized with a sma…
ABSTRACT: An accelerated shelf‐life test was developed to estimate the texture of devil's food cake stored 21 d at 21 °C, by studying the effects of packaging film water permeability and storage temperature over time. Best results were obtained after 7 d at 34 °C with low water permeability films. The test was used to…
The use of surface-adsorbed monodisperse polystyrene spheres as a template for forming nanosized particles is described. This simple, yet general method is applicable to virtually any material that can be evaporated or sputtered, and monodisperse particles in the size range from tens of nanometers up to tens of microm…
Monitoring the condition and forecasting lifetimes of material within ageing nuclear power plant is a subject of great topicality. Among these materials are the cables of the reactor control systems necessary for safe operation, including controlled shutdown in the event of an emergency. The ability to ensure that suc…
The capsule materials Au, Ag 75 Pd 25 , and Pt, were tested for permeability to C-H-O fluids in a piston-cylinder apparatus at 10 kbar and 900-1100 °C. The capsules were embedded in boron nitride. After the experiments, the C-H-O fluids were analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the oxygen content of the capsule…
Indentation and density measurements have revealed important changes in the mechanical and physical properties of silicon carbide (SiC) due to neutron irradiation. Specifically, the changes in the elastic modulus, hardness, fracture toughness, and density with irradiation have provided an understanding of the expected…
Asymmetric biphenyl type polyimides (PI) derived from 2,3,3′,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (a-BPDA) and p-phenylenediamine (PDA) or 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) show higher Tgs, and much better thermoplasticity than the corresponding isomeric PIs from symmetric 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (s-BPDA…
Despite progress in the development of biodegradable polyesters, little attention has been given to aliphatic/aromatic copolyesters. Therefore, a series of such copolyesters has been synthesized by polycondensation of succinic acid (SA), dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and 1,4-butanediol (BD), and their material characte…
The article summarizes six years of technical work carried out by the ITER Joint Central Team and Home Teams under the terms of the ITER Engineering Design Activities (EDA) Agreement. The major products of this effort are as follows: a comprehensive and detailed engineering design with supporting assessments, cost est…
Mesoscale simulations have recently been developed in order to better understand the collective behaviour of dislocations and their effects on the mechanical response. Those simulations deal with dislocations discretized into segments which are allowed to move in a three-dimensional (3D) discrete network. This network…
Foam is a dispersed system and is unstable by nature, its rheological characterization is very difficult. Numerous parameters have to be considered and controlled: foam quality, i. e. gas volume fraction, foam texture (bubbles size distribution), size of the measurement apparatus compared to bubbles size, influence of…
Abstract Typical sulfur-cured vulcanizates of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and natural rubber (NR) were prepared, and subjected to air-oven aging at 100 °C. Gum specimens exhibited an initial aging period in which stiffness was unchanged, while tensile strength and strain-to-break were significantly reduced. In cont…
Three different species of marine diatoms, Nitzschia closterium (Ehr) Smith, Chaetoceros sp. (Ehr) and Skeletonema costatum (Grev) Cleve, were isolated from the Adriatic Sea and studied in vitro for the production of extracellular carbohydrates. Variations of the nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P)/silicon (Si) ratios in the…
A simple, convenient approach to III–V semiconducting nanocrystallitesis described—the solvothermal method. Similar to the hydrothermal method, except that organic solvents are used instead of water, this method is reported to effectively prevent oxidation of the products. Materials such as 12 nm InP, 32 nm GaN, and 1…
Nanostructured material is characterized by its structuring interfaces. Cluster–matter, i.e. cluster/matrix systems, proved to be a well suited model system to study their electronic properties. The interactions between cluster and matrix induce structural and electronic effects which cause the interface to evolve int…
Undoped, fluorine doped and antimony doped tin oxide films are prepared on quartz plates by Spray pyrolysis technique. The films grown at the optimum substrate temperature with different doping levels have been chosen for this study. Optical properties of these films are investigated in the entire UV-Visible -IR regio…
Metastable states are not in true equilibrium and so cannot be directly treated by thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics. To circumvent this difficulty one can specify an equivalent equilibrated state, equivalent in the sense that the observed macroscopic features are indistinguishable from those of the metast…
Abstract The thermochemical recycling of natural rubber (NR) and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) vulcanizates with disulfides was studied. NR sulfur vulcanizates were completely plasticized when heated with diphenyldisulfide at 200 °C. It could be concluded that both main chain scission and crosslink scission c…
The structure of the polymers polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and poly-(oxymethylene) (POM) and the blends PE-PP and PE-POM containing carbon black (CB) were studied. It was found that spatial distribution of CB depends on the interface interactions between the components of composites. It is possible to obtain…