Materials Literature
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In this contribution, we have studied the impact of aluminum precursor of atomic layer deposited (ALD) AI2O3on the passivation quality of silicon solar cell emitters. Aluminum precursors, Trimethylaluminum (TMA) and Dimethylaluminum chloride (DMACl), and their different combinations were used to deposit Al2O3layers on…
The Hydrogen Selective Emitter (HSE) is a self-aligned selective emitter for n-type silicon solar cells. In this study, Quinhydrone-methanol passivation is applied to hydrogenated boron emitters to extract emitter saturation current density (J0e) data using photoconductance lifetime measurements. Etch-back studies are…
With in this study several Cu(In, Ga)Se2 absorber layers with varying gallium content and different copper over indium + gallium ratios are investigated by photoluminescence. The quasi Fermi level splitting of absorber layers grown under copper excess is 120 meV lower compared to absorbers with a [Cu]/([In]+[Ga]) rati…
We analyzed defects in silicon thin-film tandem (a-Si:H/μc-Si:H) modules from an outdoor installation in India. The inspection of several affected modules reveals that most of the defects - which optically appear as bright spots - were formed primarily nearby the separation and series connection laser lines. Cross-sec…
Mixed phase nanocrystalline/amorphous-silicon (nc/a-Si:H) thin films with band-gap higher than bulk silicon are prepared by depositing silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), prepared in a separate deposition zone, and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), simultaneously. Since the two deposition phases are well decoupled,…
The grain size of the organometallic halide perovskite, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) was modified through a solvent annealing technique. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent was found to coalesce perovskite grains leading to improved carrier lifetimes and solar device performance. Samples with three ratios (1.0, 1…
A major limitation in current liquid phase crystallized (LPC) silicon thin-film record solar cells are optical losses caused by their planar glass-silicon interface. In this study, silicon is grown on nanoimprinted periodically as well as on randomly textured glass substrates and successfully implemented into state-of…
The recent years have seen amazing progress in various photovoltaic technologies, like new world records for Cu(In, Ga)Se2, Si, and GaAs solar cells or the unprecedented rise of organo-metal halide materials. Furthermore, new nano-electronic and nano-photonic concepts claim to challenge traditional limits like the Sho…
In the previous research [1], we used Silvaco TCAD software to simulate both standard GaAs solar cell and InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cell. The structures came from real fabricated solar cells, and thus all simulation results were able to be compared with experimental measurement data. As a result, the simulation resu…
For the purpose of designing the high efficient static solar concentrator on automobile, we discuss the way to increase the aperture area. The 2-dimensional (2D) single and double refraction models based on the Snell's law are prepared under the conditions of random azimuth and large off-angle of the incident ray. We…
In this work we use state-of-the-art cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum imaging that provides spectrum-per-pixel mapping of the CL emission to examine how dopant elements are incorporated into CdTe. Emission spectra and intensity are used to monitor the spatial distribution of additional charge carriers through charact…
Perovskite-based solar cells have shown tremendous increase in the efficiency over the past few years and simultaneously have low processing cost. However, the stability of the material and hence of the device is still a challenge. In order to improve the ambient condition processing and stability of perovskite solar…
We conduct T=6 K cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum imaging with a nano-scale electron beam on beveled surfaces of CdTe thin-films at different critical stages of standard CdTe device fabrication. The through-thickness total CL intensity profiles are consistent with a reduction in grain boundary recombination due to th…
In this paper, we present an adaptive controller of piezoactuators without velocity measurement for microelectromechanical systems. The adaptive control scheme uses a Lyapunov-based adaptation law to track the system's parameters. Then, a reduced-order observer is used in a feedback loop to estimate velocity, hysteres…
In this paper we present a fabrication process of complete CdTe thin-film solar cells where the CdTe absorber layer is made by pulsed electron deposition (PED) method. PED is a high-density pulsed energy thin film deposition system that allows high-energy growth at lower substrate temperatures. In order to analyze and…
Close-space sulfurization (CSS) of sputtered metal precursors is developed for the first time to fabricate Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) thin-film solar cells. To optimize the CSS parameters, a series of CZTS thin films are prepared by sulfurizing stacked metal precursors with various sulfurization temperatures and durations. These…
We investigate the effect of excitons on charge transport in photovoltaic materials with large exciton binding energies using Cu2O as a model system. We develop a thermodynamic model to estimate the fraction of excitons in Cu2O at quasi-equilibrium and find that over 20% of the generated population of carriers during…
The effects of annealing ramp-rate during aluminum-induced crystallization were observed in-situ, and play a vital role in initial grain formation and termination, respectively. The absolute Al and Ge thickness, as well as the ratio between them, were varied in an attempt to minimize both the initial stress in the fil…
Two series of CIGS thin films were deposited on Molybdenum coated soda lime glass (SLG/Mo) substrates, using physical vapor deposition (PVD) 3-stage process. The 3-stage deposition process was carried out as such during the deposition of the first series of CIGS films the substrate was in linear motion; whereas for th…
The use of hybrid transparent conductive (TC) layer has drawn much attention as a replacement for Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). In this work, Graphene and random Silver NWs have been selected as a hybrid TC to achieve a potential replacement. A simple solution-based process was applied for stacking NWs to Graphene. Understa…