Materials Literature
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Ion implantation of H2+ or O+ ions in the range 0–1.7×1015 and 0–1.3×1015/cm2, respectively, was used to investigate the effect of implant-induced damage on the electrical properties of Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) films deposited by electron-beam evaporation on SiO2-coated soda-lime glass substrates. The films were character…
Pulsed-laser ablated uranium atoms were codeposited with 14N2(15N2) and excess Ar at 12 K. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum revealed a single product, UN2, which exhibited a ν3 absorption at 1051.0 cm−1. Ultraviolet (UV) photolysis increased the yield of UN2 by threefold and showed that electronic excita…
Raman scattering of thin laser-deposited amorphous-carbon films reveals significant changes in lower and intermediate spectral regions with respect to rf-sputtered, predominantly threefold a-C. The form of the spectrum differs, however, from the expected spectrum for fourfold, diamondlike a-C. It is suggested that mix…
We report in situ x-ray photoemission, ultraviolet photoemission (UPS), and electron-energy-loss photoelectron-spectroscopy studies of the electronic structure of nitrogen-containing amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-${\mathrm{CN}}_{\mathit{x}}$:H). Films with different nitrogen concentrations are prepared by the ion-b…
The growth and structure of Fe and Co thin films on single-crystal Cu(111), Cu(100), and Cu(110) substrates have been investigated using x-ray-photoelectron and Auger electron forward scattering, CO-titration, low-energy electron diffraction, and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. The motivation for this stu…
Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy are employed to explore the time evolution of defect formation in chemical vapor deposition diamond films for stages of growth spanning nucleation to continuous film formation. Our research is concentrated on three types of defects which give rise to the 1.68 eV optical band, t…
Results of an annealing study, carried out in the temperature range 1500–1900 °C, of nickel-related optical centers in high-pressure synthetic diamond are presented. It is established that the well-known 1.883 and 2.51 eV systems anneal out during the temperature regime of nitrogen aggregation and the concurrent growt…
Recent refinement studies of a consolidated set of Si structure factors have produced information on the Si charge density with an unprecedented level of accuracy, unmatched by any other crystallographic study to date. In this work we examine the extent to which an accurate implementation of the local-density formalis…
The effect of nonspherical shape on the optical properties of semiconductor microcrystals with a degenerate valence band has been theoretically studied. The asymmetry of microcrystals leads to a splitting of the fourfold-degenerate ground hole state into two twofold-degenerate ones. The value of this splitting is prop…
The current two major non-numerical design methods, equivalent layers and polynomial synthesis, are reviewed and compared. The equivalent layer method works well when only a small number of fixed refractive indices is available. This is the case when the coating is manufactured by evaporation. Polynomial synthesis gen…
Abstract The hydrolytic depolymerization of molten PET in excess water was studied using a 2 L stirred pressure reactor at temperatures of 250, 265, and 280°C. Rate constants for hydrolysis are calculated from the initial rate data. At initial water: PET charge ratios (w/w) exceeding 5.1, essentially complete depolyme…
The π-electron states of carbon nanotubes (CN's) in magnetic fields are calculated in the effective-mass theory. A sensitive change of CN from metal to semiconductor depending on its structure is well reproduced. The band gap is inversely proportional to the tube diameter and exhibits a drastic change as a function of…
Electromigration is an important concern in very large scale integrated circuits. In narrow, confined metal interconnects used at the chip level, the electromigration flux is resisted by the evolution of mechanical stresses in the interconnects. Solutions for the differential equation governing the evolution of back s…
A 16-residue peptide [(Ala-Glu-Ala-Glu-Ala-Lys-Ala-Lys)2] has a characteristic beta-sheet circular dichroism spectrum in water. Upon the addition of salt, the peptide spontaneously assembles to form a macroscopic membrane. The membrane does not dissolve in heat or in acidic or alkaline solutions, nor does it dissolve…
Monte Carlo simulations of electron scattering in silver have been performed at 6 and 20 keV to investigate the relation between electron transport, backscattering and depth distribution of characteristic X-ray production of tracer elements. The simulation models used combine the use of elastic cross sections, either…
For the determination of the strain in structures with only one or two layers on a substrate, rocking curve measurements are sufficient to provide values for the perpendicular and in-plane lattice mismatch as well as the relative orientation of the layer. The author presents new relations for the interpretation of the…
The effects of radiation on polymer materials is an area of rapidly increasing interest. Several high technology industries require specialty polymers that exhibit a specific response upon exposure to radiation. For instance, the electronics industry requires materials that undergo radiation induced scission or crossl…
The effects of radiation on polymer materials is an area of rapidly increasing interest. Several high technology industries require specialty polymers that exhibit a specific response upon exposure to radiation. For instance, the electronics industry requires materials that undergo radiation induced scission or crossl…
Porous silicon layers prepared by anodic dissolutions of silicon wafers in aqueous HF solutions reveal either crystalline phase or intermediate phase between microcrystalline and amorphous phases, depending on the anodization conditions. The configurations of hydrogen and oxygen atoms near the surface of microstructur…
X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been applied to the study of local structural changes in amorphous tungsten trioxide thin films under colouration in an acid aqueous solution. It has been found that the formation of W 5+ coloured centres is accompanied by the appearance of local deformations around them. It is shown…