Materials Literature
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This review article covers the research work that has been conducted in solid-electrolyte membrane reactors (SEMR). An overview of the types of solid electrolytes and their applications in heterogeneous catalysis is first presented, followed by a survey of SEMR studies published until 1998. Earlier and recent developm…
Increasingly expanded porphyrinoids (example shown) are provided by new synthetic methods. These nonaromatic systems, which contain up to 16 conjugated pyrrole subunits, exhibit novel metal coordination chemistry, chirality, and anion binding characteristics.
In this letter, we report an experimental study on the influences of 10 at. % Ca2+ and La3+ doping on dielectric properties and dc conductivity of SrBi2Nb2O9 ferroelectric ceramics. All the samples were made by two-step solid-state reaction sintering at temperatures up to 1150 °C for 0.5–1 h in air. X-ray diffraction…
Heterogeneous catalytic epoxidation of functionalized olefins in the liquid phase has been reviewed, focusing on catalyst performance and its interrelation with the crucial parameters of the catalytic systems. Efficient catalysts include supported and mixed oxides, framework-substituted (“redox”) molecular sieves, lay…
The Landau-Zener method allows to measure very small tunnel splittings Δ in molecular clusters Fe 8 . The observed oscillations of Δ as a function of the magnetic field applied along the hard anisotropy axis are explained in terms of topological quantum interference of two tunnel paths of opposite windings. Studies of…
Uniform arrays of Fe nanowires were prepared by electrochemical deposition of iron into nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide films. The microstructure and crystal structures of the nanowires were studied by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. It was found that each nanowire looked like a chain of do…
The thermal conductivity of polycrystalline samples of $(\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}){\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ is found to be unusually low, 20 mW/cmK at 280 K. On the assumption of the Wiedemann-Franz law, the lattice thermal conductivity is estimated to be 18 mW/cm K at 280 K, and it does not…
Temperature variation of the crystal structure has been investigated for ${\mathrm{TbBaCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5+\ensuremath{\delta}} (\ensuremath{\delta}=0.5),$ which shows a metal-insulator (MI) transition at ${T}_{\mathrm{MI}}\ensuremath{\approx}340 \mathrm{K}.$ The compound has an oxygen-deficient perovskite structu…
In this letter evidence for the formation of a valence-fluctuation state of iron, formally denoted as Fe2.5+, is presented. The system under study is the Sr2FeMoO6−w double perovskite, known for exhibiting a very large magnetoresistance. Samples of Sr2FeMoO6−w were synthesized by means of an encapsulation technique ut…
A right-handed helical motif is shown by the spiral silica shown in the picture. It is formed by sol–gel polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane in the gel phase supported by an azacrown-appended cholesterol gelator. This is rare example of “chirality” being created in the inorganic material by the template method.
We report atomic resolution Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy images that reveal the incorporation of I atoms in the form of helical chains inside single-walled carbon nanotubes. Density functional calculations and topological considerations provide a consistent interpretation of the experimental da…
Bridging methylene groups are transformed into terminal methyl groups when periodic mesoporous methylenesilicas, prepared for the first time by surfactant-templated synthesis, are subjected to controlled thermal treatment at 350–600°C. The methylene groups integrated “inside the channel walls” transform smoothly to me…
Molecular simulations predict that a first-order amorphous-amorphous transformation occurs in SiO2 under pressure, analogous to the first-order amorphous-amorphous transformation known to occur in H2O. At low temperatures the first-order transformation is kinetically hindered, and an amorphous-amorphous transformation…
Plasma-sprayed mullite 3Al2O3s˙2SiO2 and mullite/yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) dual layer coatings have been developed to protect silicon-based ceramics from environmental attack. Mullite-based coating systems show excellent durability in air. However, in combustion environments, corrosive species such as molten sa…
The modeling of carbon nanotube-metal contacts is important from both basic and applied viewpoints. For many applications, it is important to design contacts such that the transmission is dictated by intrinsic properties of the nanotube rather than by details of the contact. In this paper, we calculate the electron tr…
The bonding in a series of unhydrogenated amorphous carbon films has been analyzed quantitatively using Raman spectroscopy excited by laser light in both the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. The asymmetry of the peak near 1550 cm−1 in the visible Raman spectra is correlated with the percentage of sp3 b…
The esterification of a representative redox-active polyoxometalate (POM), [H4P2V3W15O62]5−, with methanol and two simple dendrimers each having four tris(hydroxymethyl) termini has been investigated. The tetra(polyoxometalate) dendrimers are hydrolytically stable, and 1 has been shown to catalyze the oxidation of tet…
Electron-vibrational spectra of impurity-related optical centers of diamond are analyzed in terms of interaction with quasilocal and local vibrations connected with impurity atoms as well as with the short-wavelength lattice phonons. It is shown that the theoretical expressions for the energy and resonance width of qu…
Chitin and chitosan are known to possess multiple functional properties. Chitin is insoluble in any common solvent containing organic or mineral acid as well as water. Chitosan is water-insoluble and highly viscous in dilute acidic solutions. These solubility problems may restrict their use in physiological functional…
To evaluate the role of nonphonon energy relaxation mechanisms in quantum dots and in particular the role of electron-hole (e-h) interactions, we have studied femtosecond carrier dynamics in CdSe colloidal nanoparticles in which the e-h separation (coupling) is controlled using different types of surface ligands. In d…