Materials Literature
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We study concentrated solutions of ideal A-B symmetric random copolymers in non-selective good solvents by computer simulations. When the effective net A-B interaction per thermal energy in the solution (χ eff ) is larger than 2, the scattering function has a peak at a molecular weight ( N ) independent wave vector k…
A new principal mechanism underlying real-time holographic grating recording in a thin cell filled with a nematic liquid crystal doped with a dye is proposed. In the experiment a laser light interference pattern is mapped in the form of a spatial modulation of index of refraction. This is achieved by respective modula…
Possibilities of new ferroelectrics, Bi 5 Nb 3 O 15 (BIN) and Bi 5 Ta 3 O 15 (BTA), where A=Bi 5+ , B=Nb 5+ and Ta 5+ and k =1, in the general formula of mixed bismuth layer-structured oxides (MBLSO), Bi 4 A 2 k -1 B 2 k +1 O 6 k +9 ( k =1, 2, 3, 4), are discussed using ordinary fired, hot-pressed and hot-forged ceram…
This study evaluated the structure and function of a dermal substitute composed of de-epidermalized, acellular human dermis, and tested its performance as part of a composite skin graft with cultured human keratinocytes. The acellular dermis retained much of the complex structure of native dermis, as demonstrated by i…
Biological recycling of biodegradable polymers is an important option for reducing municipal solid waste. Legislation, including prohibitions on disposal of non-biodegradable waste at sea, is making development of biodegradable products more urgent. Biodegradable polymers based on cellulose, starch, protein, microbial…
A salt-based approach for the development of frequency conversion materials is presented. Salts are generally rugged materials due to their strong ionic bonding. A high degree of chemical substitution (both of anion and cation) is possible, including highly nonlinear organic ions. This flexibility is consistent with t…
A soap froth with bubbles of equal size in a cylindrical tube tends to crystallise. We exhibit, experimentally and by simulation, two sequences of transitions between different crystalline structures. Each transition is induced by a single dislocation. The two different sequences of transitions are associated with dif…
A characteristic change in the dielectric properties with A-site substitution is known in complex perovskite compounds, (Ba, Sr)(B', B")O 3 , which are expected to be applied to dielectric resonators. Recently, a phase transformation upon tilting of oxygen octahedra has been found in some of the compounds. However the…
CdS and CdSe nanoparticles were prepared in organic solvents in the presence of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP). PVP plays an essential role in preventing the flocculation of concentrated nanoparticles (stabilizing effect), and in controlling the particle size under the influence of the solvent used. FT-IR measureme…
Abstract Interfacial polycondensation is an important polymerization technique that encapsulates a variety of active principles. Mechanisms governing the reaction and interplay of physical and chemical rate processes need to be understood for both rational design of reaction equipment and the process control to produc…
Ferroelectric domain structures of as-grown KTiOP${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ crystals are observed on polished polar surfaces by the scanning secondary-electron microscopy (SEM) method. The results demonstrate a different contrast origin for domain boundaries and domains themselves. It is shown that the electron-beam irradiati…
As a continued effort to improve the performance of low energy scanning electron probe systems for application in microscopy, lithography, metrology, etc., miniaturized electron beam columns, approximately 3 mm in length, demonstrating a probe size of 10 nm with a beam current of ≥1 nA at 1 keV, have been successfully…
The optical textures exhibited by the mesophases of three compounds, all of which are reported to show the biaxial nematic phase, have been examined. The textures are of the usual nematic schlieren type, except that they consist entirely of disclinations of strength |s| = 1/2. It is suggested that the absence of discl…
A 3.2-kbp PstI fragment of DNA encoding formamidase from the methylotrophic bacterium Methylophilus methylotrophus which had previously been cloned (pNW3) [Wyborn, N.R., Scherr, D.J. & Jones, C.W. (1994) Microbiology 140, 191-195], was subcloned as a 2.3 kbp HindIII fragment (pNW323). Nucleotide sequencing showed that…
New photochromic chromenes annulated with a furan ring have been synthesized. Thus, suitable heterocyclic phenols react with different propargylic alcohols in acidic medium to give the corresponding ethers, which cyclize into benzopyrans by thermal Claisen rearrangement. This synthetic approach was found to lead to a…
Neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering were used to investigate three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagnetic ordering and magnetic excitations in ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{2}$BaNi${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$, a quasi-1D mixed-spin antiferromagnet. Three distinct features of the magnetic excitation spectrum were observed above t…
Liquid crystal microlenses are prepared using various liquid crystals and dependence of the optical properties on device and material parameters is investigated experimentally. Numerical apertures of the liquid crystal microlenses for different combinations of the structure parameters and the material parameters are m…
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Paula M. Wood‐Adams, John M. Dealy; Use of rheological measurements to estimate the molecular wei…
We have synthesized a new form of vanadium dioxide using the hydrothermal reaction of vanadium pentoxide and lithium hydroxide in the presence of an organic templating cation. The hydrated lithium vanadium oxide formed has the simplest layered structure of any vanadium oxide, containing only VO 5 square pyramids whose…
Abstract An evaluation on the effects of pulp and paper mill combined boiler ashes on growth and nutrient uptake by oat ( Avena sativa L., var. 501) and bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L., var. blue pole) was conducted in a greenhouse. Ash with a calcium carbonate equivalent of 29.1% and a pH of 12.1 was applied at the rate…