Materials Literature
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The electronic structure of the perovskite ${\mathrm{LaCoO}}_{3}$ for different spin states of Co ions was calculated in the local-density approximation LDA+U approach. The ground state is found to be a nonmagnetic insulator with Co ions in a low-spin state. Somewhat higher in energy, we find two intermediate-spin sta…
We present a theoretical analysis of the band-edge exciton structure in nanometer-size crystallites of direct semiconductors with a cubic lattice structure or a hexagonal lattice structure which can be described within the framework of a quasicubic model. The lowest energy exciton, eightfold degenerate in spherically…
The traditional theory of many-electron atoms and ions is based on the coefficients of fractional parentage and matrix elements of tensorial operators, composed of unit tensors. The calculation of spin-angular coefficients of radial integrals appearing in the expressions of matrix elements of arbitrary physical operat…
During March 1986-February 1987 the epipelic algal flora at 4 sites of the Samboromb6n River was investigated. A total of 137 species were determined. Diatoms and cyanophytes were the most important algae. The maximum density and species richness peaks were observed during autumn and winter. Diversity increased from t…
Control of selectivity is a dominant issue for both partial and total oxidation of hydrocarbons. This chapter provides a critical overview of various factors that affect selectivity. It is suggested that both kinetic and thermodynamic aspects are important in determining selectivity in oxidation, and that selectivity…
For the orthorhombic intermetallic semiconductor Al$_2$Ru, the bandstructure, valence charge density, zone center optical phonon frequencies, and Born effective charge and electronic dielectric tensors are calculated using variational density functional perturbation theory with {\em ab initio} pseudopotentials and a p…
This edition has been greatly enlarged and updated to provide both scientists and engineers with a clear and comprehensive understanding of composite materials. In describing both theoretical and practical aspects of their production, properties and usage, the book crosses the borders of many disciplines. Topics cover…
A strongly enhanced luminescence efficiency of zincborate glasses and glass fibers doped with trivalent europium or terbium is reported. The enhancement is attributed to a high content of direct gap ZnO nanocrystallites which operate as sensitizer for the rare-earth ions. The glasses have a low softening point and are…
We report the synthesis of nanocomposites of Bi in an aluminum based metallic glass matrix by rapid solidification. It is shown that constrained melting and solidification of nanometer sized embedded Bi particles lead to the formation of symmetry related multidomained particles. The Bi particles exhibit a significantl…
The magnetoresistance of single crystals of the quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) organic conductor has been studied at temperatures between 700 mK and 300 K in magnetic fields of up to 15 T and hydrostatic pressures of up to 20 kbar. Measurements of the resistivity using a direct-current van der Pauw technique at ambient p…
Gold particles embedded in a polymer are studied using high resolution electron microscopy, nanodiffraction, and image processing. These particles have interesting properties such as nonlinear optical susceptibility. It is found that most of the nanoparticles are single crystals, and twins and planar defects are scarc…
We are able to grow high quality La0.67Sr0.33MnO3(LSMO) colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) thin films on Y-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) buffered (100) Si substrates using a Bi4Ti3O12 texturing and lattice matching layer. The CMR films have very high structural perfection and show excellent transport and ferromagnetic proper…
The feasibility of using copper nitride and tin nitride thin films as write-once optical recording media was explored. The Cu3N and SnNx films were obtained by the reactive sputtering method. They were thermally decomposed into Cu and Sn films at 470 and 550 °C, respectively. The Cu film obtained by the thermal decomp…
We have proposed ReMnO3 (Re:rare earth) thin films as a new candidate for nonvolatile memory devices. In this letter, we report on fabrication of (0001) YMnO3 films on (111)MgO, (0001)ZnO:Al/(0001) sapphire, and (111)Pt/(111)MgO using rf magnetron sputtering. We succeeded in obtaining (0001) epitaxial YMnO3 films on (…
We present atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images from Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$(110) surfaces. After annealing nearly perfect stoichiometric $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ surfaces to elevated temperatures in ultrahigh vacuum, randomly distributed oxygen vacancies are observed. The apparent…
A model tetravalent network fluid, crystal and many glasses are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. 171 glasses were made by compressing the fluid with five orders of magnitude variation in the quench rate. The pressure and entropy of each glass are expressed as functions of a single variable, the quench rate de…
Reversible photoinduced anisotropy in a series of liquid-crystalline azobenzene side-chain polyesters is investigated as a function of intensity of the write beam and the sample temperature. Measurements reveal that the erasing takes place at a temperature much higher than the glass transition temperature. Induced ani…
Switchable, continuous, complex-amplitude modulation is demonstrated with two cascaded, twisted nematic liquid-crystal televisions (LCTV's), both operating in phase- and amplitude-coupled modulation modes. The condition for full-range complex modulation is that one of the LCTV's must provide a 2π-range phase modulatio…
The recently discovered mesoporous aluminosilicate MCM-41 consists of hexagonal arrays of nanometer-sized cylindrical pores. It is shown that this material can be synthesized by cooperative condensation of silicate and cylindrical cationic micelles. Careful control of the surfactant-water content and the rate of conde…
Ordered mesostructured porous silicas that are also macroscopically structured were created by control of the interface on two different length scales simultaneously. Micellar arrays controlled the nanometer-scale assembly, and at the static boundary between an aqueous phase and an organic phase, control was achieved…