Materials Literature
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X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements have been performed on the intermetallic compounds ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}\mathrm{ZrSn},$ ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{Sn},$ ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{ZrSn},$ and ${\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{Sn}.$ The XPS valence…
At low fluences, the [Sr]/[Ti] ratio of laser deposited SrTiO3 films appears to be a function of the laser fluence. The deviation from stoichiometry is remarkably constant in time. From an analysis of both the composition of the film and the irradiated target, we deduce a volume-diffusion-assisted preferential ablatio…
This paper reports the calculation of electronic structure and linear optical properties of ${\mathrm{LiB}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ (LBO), ${\mathrm{CsB}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ (CBO), and ${\mathrm{BaB}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ (BBO) crystals using the linearized augmented plane-wave band method. It is found that the top of…
We have evaluated the surface free energies of hydrogen-covered (100), (111), and (110) surfaces of diamond and silicon as a function of the hydrogen chemical potential using first-principles methods. The change in surface-energy anisotropy and equilibrium crystal shape due to hydrogen adsorption is examined. The thre…
We propose a very simple model of lattice dynamics of carbon nanotubes. Using a De Launay model, the atomic force constants and phonon density of states are given as functions of the nanotube radius. Elastic constants, a Young modulus, and Poisson ratio are derived from phonon dispersion curves for a homogeneous defor…
Formation kinetics of oxygen–hydrogen (O–H) complexes which give rise to an infrared absorption line at 1075.1 cm−1 have been studied in Czochralski-grown silicon crystals in the temperature range of 30–150 °C. Hydrogen was incorporated into the crystals by high temperature (1200 °C) in diffusion from H2 gas. It was f…
The oxidation of dissolved inorganic azide anion in aqueous media was investigated using high-quality, boron-doped diamond thin-film electrodes. Linear sweep and differential pulse voltammetry, along with flow injection analysis in the amperometric detection mode, were used to study the reaction at neutral pH as a fun…
The in-plane $({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{a})$ and $c$-axis $({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c})$ resistivities of natural single-crystal graphite have been measured from 4 to 450 K at zero pressure and from 77 to 450 K under pressures up to 500 MPa. Data for ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}$ differ strongly from earlier results obtained on…
Co–Pd alloy melts are characterized by a low heat of fusion and, as a consequence, by a comparably small critical undercooling for the hypercooling limit ΔThyp of the order of 300 K. It is shown that containerless processing of bulk melts by electromagnetic levitation offers undercooling levels of ΔT≈350 K thus exceed…
The effects of temperature on the kinetic parameters kcat and Km, for three isolates of the highly conserved monomeric enzyme 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), were investigated in detail using a rapid automated kinetics apparatus. PGK was purified from the thermophilic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter sp. Rt8.G4 (optimum…
In this study, we cloned and sequenced a DNA fragment from an ordered cosmid library of Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11638 which confers to a siderophore synthesis mutant of Escherichia coli (EB53 aroB hemA) the ability to grow on iron-restrictive media and to reduce ferric iron. Sequence analysis of the DNA fragment reve…
An all-optical ultrafast switch which operates at a wide wavelength range has been demonstrated based on photoinduced changes of real and/or imaginary parts of complex refractive index in a composite thin film of silver and polymer containing photochromic spiropyran dye. Very fast switching ON and OFF of a reading bea…
The geometric structure of the toroidal carbon nanotubes (TCN's) determines the electronic structure and thus the characteristics of the persistent current. Such current is caused by the magnetic flux \ensuremath{\varphi} through TCN's. The semiconducting TCN's exhibit diamagnetism at small \ensuremath{\varphi}, which…
The electronic structure of $p$-type ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ has been studied by photoemission spectroscopy (PES). Comparing with the PES of $n$-type ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3},$ the Fermi level of $p$ type is lower by about 0.7 eV and a prominent feature of Ti $3d$ character within the band gap, which is formed in the $n$-…
Dielectric investigations of the (PMN)(1−x)(PT)x crystalline solution have been performed for various electrical histories. For x<0.3, relaxor behavior was observed, however the degree of diffuseness in the dielectric maximum and degree of relaxor characteristics were decreased with increasing x. Application of…
We report local-density-approximation calculations of the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{3}$. The material is a low carrier density metal with a complex Fermi-surface topology and a nontrivial dependence of the Hall concentration o…
A consistent approach to the calculation of the surface energy valid for all crystal systems is presented. Voronoi polyhedra are introduced and used in conjunction with the energy-density formalism of Chetty and Martin [Phys. Rev. B 45, 6074 (1992); 45, 6089 (1992)] to provide a methodology for the determination of su…
We have measured the Seebeck coefficient and electric conductivity in the air-stable conducting polymers polyaniline and polypyrrole at different doping levels. We find, at 300 K, the general correlation that the logarithm of the electrical conductivity varies linearly with the Seebeck coefficient on doping, but with…
Temperature-dependent resistivity of single-wall carbon nanotubes, C. L. Kane, E. J. Mele, R. S. Lee, J. E. Fischer, P. Petit, H. Dai, A. Thess, R. E. Smalley, A. R. M. Verschueren, S. J. Tans, C. Dekker
The use of ferroelectric ceramics and thin films in microwave devices requires that they possess frequency-stable, low-loss dielectric properties. At microwave frequencies, ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramic materials typically exhibit a large dielectric relaxation, characterized by a decrease in the relative permi…