Materials Literature
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Transition metals can dissociate hydrogen to a surface mobile species called spillover hydrogen ( H so ). Similarly, oxides like α- Sb 2 O 4 , BiPO 4 , Bi 2 O 3 (donors) can dissociate molecular oxygen to a mobile surface species ( O so ). These metals or oxides are conveniently called donors. This article reviews eff…
Abstract Tetraglycidyl 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) undergoes homopolymerization on heating. Intramolecular reactions which compete with crosslinking favor the formation of cyclic structures with increasing thermal and fire resistance of the resin, whereas physical mechanical properties tend to decrease. The me…
Lactic acid has been an intermediate-volume specialty chemical (world production ∼ 40,000 tons/yr) used in a wide range of food processing and industrial applications. Lactic acid has the potential of becoming a very large volume, commodity-chemical intermediate produced from renewable carbohydrates for use as feedsto…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">A large quantity of recirculated exhaust gas is used to reduce NOx emissions and improve fuel economy at the same time. The effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was investigated under the stoichiometric and lean operating conditions and compared with the effect of lean operat…
Theoretical and experimental investigations for a new design of an ultrashort pulsed laser activated electron gun for time resolved surface analysis are described. In addition, a novel electron detection and image analysis system, as it applies specifically to time resolved reflection high-energy electron diffraction…
A marginal gap exists between the amalgam restoration and the cavity walls. At this interface, there is a constant percolation of fluid containing ions, molecules and bacteria. With time, corrosion products of the amalgam components seal the gap at the amalgam/tooth interface. The corrosion processes for conventional…
Low-resistivity (∼2×10 -4 Ω· cm) tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films were deposited at a relatively low substrate temperature ( T s ) of 185° C by two representative low-temperature processes, i.e., dc magnetron sputtering using an oxide target and activated e-beam evaporation. Precise X-ray diffraction (XRD) measureme…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ZSM-5 from Ethanol-Containing Systems. Influence of the Gel CompositionMaria A. Uguina, Antonio de Lucas, Fernando Ruiz, and David P. SerranoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 2, 451–456Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Publishe…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The NO formation is essentially determined by the flame temperature. In an engine the latter depends on the composition of the fuel and the intake gas. In this study the efficiency of various NO reducing measures is analysed by means of a comparison of measurements and computation…
The effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) content on the survival of wild-type strains and PHB negative mutants of Bacillus megaterium and Alcaligenes eutrophus in natural waters was studied. The survival strategy of B. megaterium was dominated by the development of resistant forms, but the number of the wild-type v…
The velocity dependence of the partition coefficient was measured for rapid solidification of polycrystalline Si-4.5 at% As and Si-9 at% As alloys induced by pulsed laser melting. The results constitute the first test of partitioning models both for the high velocity regime and for non-dilute alloys. The continuous gr…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical ab Initio Study of Neutral and Charged B3Hn (n = 3-9) Species. Importance of Aromaticity in Determining the Structural PreferencesAnatoli A. Korkin, Paul v. R. Schleyer, and Michael L. McKeeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 4, 961–977Publication Date (Print):Febr…
An experimental system was developed to reproduce stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of API X-60 line pipe steels in highly alkaline (pH = 10) carbonate-bicarbonate (1 N sodium carbonate [Na2CO3] + 1 N sodium bicarbonate [NaHCO3]) solutions. Intergranular fracture developed in precracked specimens under very low frequenc…
Experimental information about the microscopic structure and the changes in this structure at macroscopic phase transitions for the ferroelectric perovskites provide direct tests of theoretical descriptions of ferroelectricity. Unfortunately, the local ferroelectric displacements can differ from the average periodic s…
The most common anticorrosive pigments contain lead (Pb) or hexavalent chromium (Cr) compounds. These pigments are particularly hazardous and contribute to contamination of the environment. The use of zinc phosphate (ZP) has been recommended often for the formulation of environmentally compatible anticorrosive priming…
The grain size of in situ Si 3 N 4 is varied, and its effects on strength‐flaw size relations are related to the behavior of a bridging zone behind the crack tip. The bridging‐zone properties are calculated from a Dugdale model assuming that the bridging zone has a constant bridging stress ( p *) and length ( D b ) at…
The α→ω phase transformation products in shock-loaded pure Zr have been investigated. A portion of the ω phase is retained as a metastable phase after the pressure release. The orientation relationship (0001)α//(101l)ω and [1010]α//[112 3]ω observed between the two phases differs from those previously reported in Zr.…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScaling Theory of Planar Brushes Formed by Branched PolymersE. B. Zhulina and T. A. VilgisCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4, 1008–1015Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.…
A series of compounds with the ${\mathrm{ThMn}}_{12}$-type structure, R${\mathrm{Fe}}_{11.35}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.65}$ (R=Y, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Lu), were synthesized. The corresponding nitrides, obtained by gas-solid reactions, retained the same structure as their parent compounds, but with a relative volume ex…
Sawyer-Tower polarization (P-E) measurements have revealed dielectric hysteresis loops in antiferroelectric lead zirconate (PZ), suggestive of weak ferroelectric tendencies. Both polarization saturation and reemergence were observed which were on the order of 0.1 and 0.05 \ensuremath{\mu}C/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, respect…