Materials Literature
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Seventy years ago, nearly all resources for the production of commodities and many technical products were materials derived from natural textiles. Textiles, ropes, canvas, and paper were made of local natural fibers, such as flax and hemp. Some of them are still used today. In 1908, the first composite materials were…
Polycarbonate (PC) blended with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) has the maximum notched Izod impact strength, which is 58 kg cm cm-1 for PC/ABS1 and 66 kg cm cm-1 for PC/ABS2, at a ratio of 80/20 in this study. We selected the ratio of 80/20 to prepare flame-retardant PC/ABS alloys. The compatibility of flame-re…
Soy protein isolate, soy fiber, and cornstarch (0–40% polyether polyol) were incorporated into a flexible polyurethane foam formulation. Stress–strain curves of the control foam and foams containing 10–20% biomass material exhibit a considerable plateau stress region but not for foams extended with 30–40% biomass mate…
The lyotropic L 3 phase was used as a template to form nanoporous monolithic silicates with continuously adjustable pore sizes. The monolith was optically isotropic and transparent with a nonperiodic network. The pore size was adjusted by a change in the solvent volume fraction rather than by a change of the surfactan…
In the present study, starch octanoates OCST1.8 and OCST2.7 with degrees of substitution (d.s.) of 1.8 and 2.7, respectively, and dodecanoate DODST2.7 (d.s. = 2.7), were prepared by esterification of native starch with fatty acid chlorides. Our analyses, including elemental analysis, FTIR, contact angle, DSC, and TGA…
In the pressure range 5-12 GPa the fractional valence of cerium is independent of pressure because of the coexistence of two or more structural phases. The observation of a single crystallographic structure in this pressure range arises from a non-equilibrium situation induced by the initial conditions of the high pre…
Presenting practical information on new and conventional polymers and products as alternative materials and end-use applications, this work details technological advancements in high-structure plastics and elastomers, functionalized materials, and their product applications. The book also provides a comparison of manu…
Abstract : This report is a comprehensive review of reversible metal hydrides for possible use as hydrogen storage and supply media for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. There is considerable interest in using fuel cells for submarine and other military power sources. First presented is a tutorial overview of…
The spin dynamics of the S=1 Ni-chains in mixed-spin antiferromagnets Pr_2 Ba Ni O_5 and Nd_x Y_2-x Ba Ni O_5 is described in terms of a simple Ginzburg-Landau Lagrangian coupled to the sublattice of rare-earth ions. Within this framework we obtain a theoretical explanation for the experimentally observed coexistence…
In ab initio pseudopotential calculations within density-functional theory the nonlinear exchange-correlation interaction between valence and core electrons is often treated linearly through the pseudopotential. We discuss the accuracy and limitations of this approximation regarding a comparison of the local density a…
The spontaneous polarization, dynamical Born charges, and piezoelectric constants of the III-V nitrides AlN, GaN, and InN are studied ab initio using the Berry phase approach to polarization in solids. The piezoelectric constants are found to be up 10 times larger than in conventional III-V's and II-VI's, and comparab…
Quasielastic light scattering (QLS) in the frequency interval 100–1000 GHz is measured in some polymers: polycarbonate, polybutadiene, polystyrene, and poly(methyl methacrylate). To describe the spectra, a model of the fast picosecond relaxation processes responsible for the QLS, which is based on the damping of the b…
Vapor-deposited amorphous water ice when warmed above the glass transition temperature (120-140 K), is a viscous liquid which exhibits a viscosity vs temperature relationship different from that of liquid water at room temperature. New studies of thin water ice films now demonstrate that viscous liquid water persists…
We have measured the dielectric relaxation of the glass-former 1-propanol for temperatures between 65 and 350 K in the frequency range 10−2 to 2⋅1010 Hz and the photon correlation spectro-scopy decays near Tg. Attributing the strong Debye-type process of 1-propanol to distinct -OH group effects leaves two faster proce…
The structure, phase transformation, and magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed (MA) samples have been studied systematically. can be formed within certain composition and temperature (from to ) ranges. Isothermal annealing of at for different lengths of time reveals that the formation of is a nucleation and grow…
Magnetic-flux-leakage (MFL) measurements are used for corrosion inspection of buried oil and gas pipelines. MFL signals are sensitive to the depth of defects, such as corrosion pits, in the pipe wall and to external stresses generated mainly by the line pressure. MFL signal variations have been studied from the inside…
The three-dimensional crystal structure of Serratia marcescens (Sm) nuclease has been refined at 1.7 A resolution to the R-factor of 17.3% and R-free of 22.2%. The final model consists of 3678 non-hydrogen atoms and 443 water molecules. The analysis of the secondary and the tertiary structures of the Sm nuclease sugge…
Useful and simple 3D crossover expressions are presented for the resistance versus temperature behaviour in highly insulating 3D films. At high temperatures, this theory extrapolates to the Mott variable-range hopping law, and at low temperatures to the Efros - Shklovskii variable-range hopping law. Good agreement is…
A high density ferroelectric memory process flow requires the integration of conducting barrier layers to connect the drain of the pass-gate transistor to the bottom electrode of the ferroelectric stack. We are studying the effect of crystallinity of the TiN/Pt barrier layer with Si wafers on the ferroelectric propert…
We show that the large electrical-field-induced strain response observed in certain polyurethane elastomers is a thin-film effect. Based on the frequency dispersion of the strain response in samples with different thicknesses and the thermally stimulated discharge current on samples with different processing condition…