Materials Literature
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Materials science is quickly changing the face of what is possible. The typical design practice focuses on the system or component designer, who determines the materials; evaluates the design space; understands the static, dynamic, thermal constraints; lays out a test matrix; works with the material scientist and fini…
Air drying is an essential activity in food processing industries. On-line state estimation and control of the air drying operation require the mathematical description of food moisture evolution during the process.
Explicit energy-transport equations for the spinorial carrier transport in ferromagnetic semiconductors are calculated from a general spin energy-transport system that was derived by Ben Abdallah and El Hajj from a spinorial Boltzmann equation. The novelty of our approach are the simplifying assumptions leading to exp…
The structure and electrical properties of the polyelectrolyte multilayers are crucial for all the envisaged applications. The problem about incorporation and mobility of small ions into the film bulk is examined in a study on dielectric properties of polyelectrolyte multilayers by M. F. Durstock and M. F. Rubner. The…
Biological probes are indispensable tools for studying biological samples, cells in culture, and animal models. Exogenous probes are frequently multifunctional, having one component that can detect a biological molecule or event, and another component that reports the presence of the probe. A fundamental example of th…
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Approximately 30,000 patients die each year from end-stage liver disease in the United States. About 80% of these patients have decompensated chronic liver disease, typically caused by alcoholism or chronic hepatitic C infection, and less commonly by a genetic — hepatocellular or anatomic — defect of liver function, o…
I. Introduction Primary graft dysfunction (PGD)—referred to previously as reperfusion edema, reimplantation response, or primary graft failure-is a form of acute lung injury thought due largely to ischemia/reperfusion insults that accompany the lung transplantation processes of organ explantation, storage, and reimpla…
This chapter explores electro-optic measurement in frequency-domain to the nonlinear regime and apply to ferroelectric liquid crystals in the chiral smectic C (SmC) phase and antiferroelectric liquid crystals in the antiferroelectric smectic CA phase. Liquid crystal is an intermediate state of matter between a liquid…
In a single crystal Ω with dislocations, the strain writes as = ∇ S u + 0 , where the symmetric solenoidal tensor 0 is the part of strain related to dislocations. The aim of this paper is to derive an evolution law for the internal thermodynamic variable 0 , and to discuss its mathematical setting, including functiona…
We studied theoretically the absorption of acoustic phonons in the hypersound regime in Fluorine modified Carbon Nanotube (F-CNT) $Γ_q^{F-CNT}$ and compared it to that of undoped Single Walled Nanotube (SWNT) $Γ_q^{SWNT}$. Per the numerical analysis, the F-CNT showed less absorption to that of SWNT thus $\vertΓ_q^{F-C…
It is the size of macromolecules that give them their unique and useful properties. Size allows individual chains to interact with themselves (interchain) and with other chains (intrachain) in different or similar environments. Size allows polymers to act more as a group so that when one polymer chain moves, surroundi…
Let n be a positive integer and let gcd(a, n) = 1. The order of a mod n, denoted ordn(a), is the smallest positive integer m such that am ≡ 1 (mod n). Example. 26 ≡ 1 (mod 9), 2i 6≡ 1 (mod 9) for 1 ≤ i ≤ 5, so ord9(2) = 6.
Nanorobotics often integrates nanotechnology and robotics with the aim of developing new tools and instruments for specic applications. Nanotechnology is attractive in this respect since the physics inherent to nanoscale entities differ signicantly from those at the macroscale. Hence, by exploiting the forces and phen…
The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), which began construction in 2007, will demonstrate the physical and technological feasibility of fusion for power production [1]. It will employ tungsten at areas with high particle and power load (divertor entrance and baffles) owing to its highenergy thres…
Over 60 naturally occurring zeolites have been characterised; however, in the quest for new catalysts, more than 150 entirely synthetic structures have been developed. Only seven (analcime, chabazite, clinoptilolite, erionite, ferrierite, mordenite and phillipsite) zeolites occur in large deposits, mostly in China and…
Naval aircraft regularly operate in hostile environments that include sandy or dusty landing zones and severe sand, rain, or ice storms. Helicopters and other vertical/short takeoff and landing (VTOL/STOL) aircraft such as the V-22 Osprey are expected to endure these severe environments without rapid erosion to the le…
In contrast to the previous chapter, this chapter presents solids that are not regular (or semi-regular). Smooth, closed surfaces may form part or all of the boundary of such solids such that the outward normal of the surface at any point is everywhere continuous in all directions about that point (for example, a sphe…
INTRODUCTION With the advent of more and more sophisticated pharmaceutical products of varying stabilities, toxicities, solubilities, and bioavailabilities, there has arisen the requirement for the development of generic drug delivery systems that will enable delivery of these molecules via various routes, with contro…
INTRODUCTION Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was invented by Baron Manfred von Ardenne at Siemens in 1938 (1), 6 years after the invention of the first transmission electron microscope by Knoll and Ruska in 1932 (2), and its resolution was lower than that of transmission electron microscope at that ti…