Materials Literature
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Cross-linked polymer supports have been introduced in the 1940s as a result of rapidly growing research interest on solid phase synthesis, catalysis, and combinatorial chemistry. The polymerization of styrene in the presence of small amounts of divinylbenzene (DVB) as cross-linker resulted in polymer beads that showed…
Dissolved oxygen in water can cause destructive oxygen corrosion to metal pipes and process equipment. The corrosion by-products in turn cause formation damage by plugging. Thus, oxygen needs to be removed from oilfield waters.1-3 In addition, inhibition of corrosion in CO2/O2 systems is more difficult that in CO2 alo…
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In this chapter we consider intermetallic magnetic compounds containing rare earth elements. Among them, two large groups of the materials where the magnetocaloric properties were studied can be singled out-alloys and compounds between rare earth and nonmagnetic elements and those between rare earth and 3d metal eleme…
Pesticides are the chemicals that control insects, weeds, fungi, and other pests that destroy almost half of the world’s food crops each year. Pesticides are regarded as the most economical and effective tools for maintaining the demand/supply ratio of agricultural products stable for saving the increasing world popul…
Acknowledgments .........................................................................................................................246 References .....................................................................................................................................246 Upconverting phosphors are rar…
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Os acos inoxidaveis ferriticos representam materiais com grande potencial de aplicacao em diversos setores industriais. A adicao de elementos estabilizadores atribui as ligas de aco melhor soldabilidade e formabilidade. As propriedades destes materiais podem tambem ser modificadas atraves de processos mecânicos e term…
Surfaces and interfaces play an important role in biology and medicine, as most of the biological reactions are surface phenomena. This chapter describes the most important techniques of surface engineering, especially for biomicroelectromechanical systems applications. These techniques are as follows: plasma-mediated…
This chapter presents different measures to characterize the surfaces and different experimental methods to evaluate these measures. There are several commonly used techniques that can be employed to measure the contact angle. Various surface treatment methods have been used to modify silicon-based surfaces in order t…
INTRODUCTION Medication efficacy and safety are the primary aims of drug development. The safety and efficacy of a drug depends on its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacologic properties. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).
ABSTRACT Observation of freeze-dried material is a real challenge for both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The samples are usually very brittle, electrically insulating, highly hygroscopic, and very difficult to embed in resins.
Abstract We analyze the hydrodynamic interactions between spherical solid particles which are suspended in a quiescent fluid and in contact with a planar fluid-gas interface. Stick boundary conditions are assumed on the sphere surfaces, and the free surface boundary conditions are accounted for by the method of images…
INTRODUCTION TO NEAR INFRARED FLUORESCENCE BIOIMAGING Near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) bioimaging, capable of imaging the whole body of small animals in vivo, now reveals the interrelatedness of numerous nanosystems with internal biological environments in the fields of drug delivery and molecular imaging (1,2). Trad…
Consider a gaseous mixture of molecular species that interact to form a reaction product. As discussed in Chapter 7, chemical reactions are conveniently written in the form ∑ =i i ix X 0, where Xi represents a molecular species i and xi the number of molecules of this species involved in a single reaction process. We…
FCMHE) .......................................................................................... 176 6.4.7 Efciency (FCEV) ........................................................................... 176 6.4.8 Reliability (FCB, FCBU) ................................................................. 177 6.5 Conclusion…
In 1995, in a paper entitled “Can rst principles calculations aid in lithiumion battery design?” [1], the author queried whether the state-of-the-art electronic structure method in combination with statistical theory can be used to predict the properties, particularly the operating voltage of new materials as the ele…
Contents List of Abbreviations and Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 B. Background, Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .…
The genitourinary system is exposed to a variety of possible injuries from the time the fetus develops. Aside from congenital abnormalities, individuals may also suffer from other disorders such as cancer, trauma, infection, inflammation, iatrogenic injuries, or other conditions that may lead to genitourinary organ da…