Materials Literature
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Computer simulations with polarizable anions are shown to reproduce the distinctive prepeak observed in diffraction studies of molton ${\mathrm{ZnCl}}_{2}$ and its mixtures with alkali chlorides. Two distinct origins for the peak in the microscopic structure of the melts are identified. The influence of alkali cation…
We have measured the effective magnetoelastic coupling coefficients, Beff, of polycrystalline NiFe/Ag/Si, NiFe/Cu/Si, and Ni/SiO2/Si films in situ as functions of magnetic layer thickness over the range from 1.5 to 50 nm using magneto-optic Kerr effect and applied static strain. The Beff’s agree well with bulk values…
Abstract This work deals with the chemical composition, physical structure, and thermal behavior of Antheraea assama silk fibers. The amino acid composition is characterized by the high content of alanine, glycine, and serine. Among the amino acid residues with polar side chains, aspartic acid, arginine, and tyrosine…
Abstract The problem of those discernible features of the intermediate range order (IRO) which can be attributed to the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) observed in the structure factor of many liquid and glassy materials is approached by treating this peak as a distinct feature. It is found, by considering the mea…
Infrared and Raman spectra of silica powders differ for fumed and precipitated samples. Site models of the surfaces of fumed silica are proposed. These models involve surfaces resembling faces {111} of β-cristobalite, edges and steps. The site SiOH···O b (H)SiO a H, located at steps between planes {111}, is related to…
Homogeneous formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin and a commercial diamine that contain liquid rubber, based on an epoxidized vegetable oil and diamine, form two-phase interpenetrating epoxy thermosets. At lower rubber content, the formulations consist of a rigid DGEBA matrix and randomly…
The morphology of multiphase polymeric systems, polymer alloys, blends, and interpenetrating polymer networks depends on kinetics of polymerization and cross-linking (in reactive systems), composition, degree of polymerization and branching, miscibility (defined in terms of equilibrium thermodynamics), dynamics of pha…
Biopolymers (e.g., starch, protein, and cellulose) from various agricultural sources have been investigated for manufacturing biodegradable plastics. Cross-linking of starch and zein mixtures and of soy proteins have shown that the tensile strength and water resistance of the plastics can be increased. Plastics made f…
Formulation of a new approach to the structure of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) is the objective of this review of the authors experimental works. As a whole, IPNs are not thermodynamically equilibrium systems because, in the course of chemical reactions leading to gelation, simultaneous phase separation pr…
The synthesis of nanometer-sized silica particles by the base-catalyzed, controlled hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in a nonionic reverse micellar system is described. Spectrofluorometric techniques were used to characterize the reverse micellar solutions. Particle characterization was conducted by transmission…
Polyurethane-poly(vinyl chloride) pseudo-IPN (interpenetrating polymer network) elastomers, polyurethane-poly(vinyl ester) IPN foams, and polyurethane-epoxy-unsaturated polyester two- and three-component IPN foams and elastomers were studied by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy sound absorption (impedance tube technique…
Agricultural feedstocks should be used for the production of materials, especially plastics, and chemicals because of the abundant availability of agricultural feedstocks, the value it would add to the U.S. economy, and the reduction in U.S. trade deficit that could be achieved. However, the use of agricultural feedst…
The control of silica sol coagulation by pH and by addition of simple electrolytes is said to be "anomalous" in that it is not simply predicted by conventional Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeck (DLVO) theory. This chapter describes a model based on the control of coagulation by surface steric barriers of polysilicate a…
Silicon dioxide is the main component of the crust of the earth. Combined with the oxides of magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and iron, it forms the silicate minerals in our rocks and soil. Over millions of years silicon dioxide, or silica, has been separated from the original silicate rocks by the action of water to app…
Abstract : This report describes the results of 4 months of exposure to the Naval Environment of an aircraft carrier flight deck on a variety of aircraft materials and coatings. Test specimens included aluminum-lithium alloys, metal matrix composites, laminates and primerless paint.
New, “three-dimensionally structured” porphyrins were prepared in very few steps from β,β′-disubstituted pyrroles. In the corresponding biconcave metalloporphyrins (shown on the right) the peripheral groups on both sides of the porphyrin plane limit axial access to the metal center. For this reason selective interacti…
Studies at the Swiss Federal Technical Institute (ETH), Zurich, have produced results that, if confirmed by further research, could pose problems for the developers of catalytic converters that reduce emissions from diesel and lean-burn gasoline engines. The Swiss researchers have found that catalytic reduction of nit…
Abstract The electrochromic behavior of polyaniline–poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films (CPAn–PVA) combined with electrochemically synthesized Prussian blue films (PB) was investigated in LiClO 4 CH 3 CN nonaqueous aprotic solution. The combination was achieved by chemical deposition of CPAn–PVA on PB. When the combi…
An Fe-N film was deposited on a GaAs(100) substrate by ion-beam-assisted deposition at an N/Fe atomic arrival ratio of 0.12. The results from X-ray diffraction showed that the film consisted of the Fe 16 N 2 phase. The results of an annealing experiment indicated that the Fe 16 N 2 phase formed is stable after anneali…
Abstract The effect of fiber reinforcement on the crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate), or PET, was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The objective of the study was to determine how the effects of fiber reinforcement on PET crystallization are modified by the presence of polymer…