Materials Literature
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Trialkyl amines from triethyl to tristearylamine were quaternized with benzyl chloride and compared for the effect of chain length on the rate of quaternization. Triethylamine reacted about twice as fast as tripropylamine with virtually no chain‐length effect from propyl to stearyl. Results are compared to previous ra…
Various metallization schemes are used to provide conducting layers in IC fabrication. X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry has been utilized to examine the chlorine and fluorine levels in some of these metallization schemes after patterning and etching. The metallization systems investigated include Al‐Si and Al‐Si‐Cu, wi…
Abstract We present an analysis of the critical factors for the determination of surface concentrations from derivative Auger spectra. A new spectroscopic quantity, P σ 2 , should supersede the peak‐to‐peak signal. This quantity is the product of the negative‐peak‐to‐background value, P , multiplied by the square of t…
Thin amorphous selenium (a-Se) films and Se films doped with indium have been prepared by thermal evaporation under high vacuum and controlled deposition conditions. Measurement or DC conductivity made in situ as a function of temperature (in the range room temperature to 400 K) and absorption in the photon energy ran…
Azotobacter vinelandii hydrolyzed melibiose exocellularly, leading to an accumulation of free glucose and galactose in the medium. This enzyme could also be induced by galactose, raffinose, and stachyose. The alpha-galactosidase activity could be detected quantitatively by using p-nitrophenyl-alpha-galactopyranoside a…
Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) saturation indexes are commonly used to evaluate the scale‐forming and scale‐dissolving tendencies of water. Assessing these tendencies is useful in corrosion control programs and in preventing CaCO 3 scaling in piping and equipment, such as water distribution system appurtenances, industri…
The soft segment of poly (polyamide-polytetramethylene glycol) esters crystallize at strains beginning at about 500%, raising the observed crys tal melting temperature from about 7 to 38°C. Accompanying the strain- induced crystallization, the polymer hardens, changing from elastic to plastic. Upon melting of the PTMO…
In this paper, the problems of multiplicity and uniqueness of steady states in a nonadiabatic CSTR are discussed, using the Cholette's model. The result shows that the parameters m (the fraction of the total volume which is perfectly mixed) and n (the fraction of the feed entering the zone of perfect mixing) of Cholet…
The effect of prior austenite grain size on the crack propagation behaviour of tempered martensitic steels having tensile strength of about 2 GN m−2 was studied in hydrogen gas at pressures in the range from 98 to 784 kPa using modified compact tension specimens. The crack propagation rate da/dt in hydrogen decreased…
Abstract The coupling model is formulated in terms of the dynamic constraint entropy, S c ( t ), and subsequently compared with measured tracer diffusion coefficients D for linear, 3‐arm star, and 12arm star polystyrenes in solutions of poly (vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) / o ‐fluorotoluene. Inequalities between the dyna…
The effect of three non-ionic contrast media (iosimide, iopamidol and iopromide) was investigated in rabbits and rats after single i.v. application up to high doses with regard to renal changes. Determinations of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine and urinary enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptida…
Crystals of Rh 2 Sb were prepared by sintering the elemental components in a NaCl/KCl flux. They crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with the lattice constants α = 572.1(1)-573.6(1) pm, b = 417.1(1)-418.1(1) pm, c = 792.8(2)-794.9(1) pm, V = 0.1892-0.1906 nm 3 for the antimony- and rhodium-rich side, resp…
Abstract The energy response function of the semi‐imaging ISA Riber MAC 2 electron spectrometer has been determinated over the kinetic energy range 150–1500 eV. The absolute transmission of the analyzer is proportional to KE , with n ranging from 1.02 to 0.43 and K from 157.5 to 23.2 when the focusing voltage VF 1 of…
The mixed crystal ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$(${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}$${)}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$${\mathrm{AsO}}_{4}$ of ferroelectric ${\mathrm{RbH}}_{2}$${\mathrm{AsO}}_{4}$ and antiferroelectric ${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$${\mathrm{AsO}}_{4}$ has been investigated for several…
Abstract There are many results concerned with the hamiltonicity of K 1,3 ‐free graphs. In the paper we show that one of the sufficient conditions for the K 1,3 ‐free graph to be Hamiltonian can be improved using the concept of second‐type vertex neighborhood. The paper is concluded with a conjecture.
Theoretical maximum weavability relationships of fabrics woven from regular warp ends and variable thickness filling yarns are derived by developing a local geometry where the thick filling place is interlaced with warp ends and where warp yarn is interlaced with thick and thin filling yarns. Geometric relationships a…
Semi-empirical relationships are given for corona inception fields in air, under both steady and impulse voltage conditions. These have been related to inception voltages and, in the impulse case, to the rate of rise of voltage. Experiments with impulse voltages of varying dV/dt, applied to hemispherically ended rods…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinone-containing amphiphiles and bolaform amphiphiles that form redox-active lipid membranesJuergen Hinrich Fuhrhop, Hartmut Hungerbuehler, and Ulrich SiggelCite this: Langmuir 1990, 6, 7, 1295–1300Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1…
Polypyrrole powder was electrodeposited on aluminum electrodes after previous anodic polarization to form pits. The pores are filled with overoxidized polypyrrole. Aqueous HNO 3 was employed as the preferred electrolyte. Point contacts at the entrance of the polypyrrole‐filled pits are provided, leading to a powdery P…
Abstract In Auger electron spectroscopy, both the primary electrons entering the sample and the Auger electrons leaving the sample may suffer strong diffraction effects. On well‐ordered single‐crystal surfaces, diffraction effects may result in variations in the intensity of an Auger peak by a factor of up to two or m…