Materials Literature
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An infrared radiation pyrometer for transient temperature measurement and a photoelectric installation for micrometric length-change measurement were developed. After being heated by a CO2 laser pulse of 0.1 μs, the transient temperature-rise history and length change of thermal expansion of 20–50 μm Al films during t…
Diamond thin films have been doped with nitrogen during growth by the hot-filament technique. For nitrogen concentrations in the films, determined by quantitative secondary ion-mass spectroscopy (SIMS) exceeding about 3×1018 atoms/cc, a decrease of several orders of magnitude is observed in the electrical conductivity…
Hydrogen-vacancy interaction in tungsten was investigated by means of the perturbed angular correlation technique, using the isotope 111 In as a probe. Hydrogen trapping at an 111 In-vacancy cluster manifests itself as a change of the local electric field gradient, which gives rise to an observable shift of the quadru…
Dynamical growth aspects of symmetry-breaking, first-order phase transitions for which the primary order parameter is a second-rank tensor, e.g., strain describing diffusionless structural phase transitions, are considered. It is found that a single domain does not always grow inside the parent phase matrix, but inste…
A new phase-modulation technique for nonlinear laser spectroscopy is applied with a relative resolving power in the sub-Hz range to measure fundamental relaxation processes of the N-V center in diamond. Complementary EPR experiments versus temperature establish the spin character of the ground state in the absence of…
Ge microcrystals embedded in SiO2 glassy matrices were formed by a radio-frequency magnetron cosputtering technique and then annealed at 800 °C for 30 min. The average radius of the Ge microcrystals in SiO2 was determined to be about 3 nm by means of Raman spectroscopy and high resolution electron microscope. The anne…
Abstract The wettability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films in water was significantly improved upon exposure to argon glow discharge. Depending upon the lengths of glow‐discharge exposure, the water contact angle (CA) of the untreated film (73.1° ± 0.1°) was reduced to between 33.7° and 41.0° on the argon gl…
Abstract Easy‐care finishing of cotton fabrics invariably results in the loss of mechanical properties of the fabrics. There have been many attempts from time to time by different workers to reduce the above loss in the mechanical properties. But the problem is yet to be resolved satisfactory. As the uniform distribut…
Abstract Polyactide (PLA) and poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) (PLGA) were prepared by bulk ring‐opening polymerization of lactide or lactide/glycolide using stannous octoate as initiator. PLA and PLGA microspheres with an average diameter of 65–100 μm were prepared by a solvent evaporation process. An in vitro degradatio…
A low-cost thermoelectric generator realised using integrated circuit technology is described. The thermopile comprises polycrystalline silicon thermoelements on a quartz substrate and employs a design previously reported by the authors for a silicon on sapphire device. An approximate 10 fold decrease in the substrate…
Abstract Wood–polymer composites (WPC) of Geronggang (GE; Cratoxylon arborescens), a light tropical hardwood, impregnated with methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene‐ co ‐acrylonitrile (3: 2; STAN), methyl methacrylate‐ co ‐bis (2‐chloroethyl) vinyl phosphonate (3 : 1; MVP) and methyl methacrylate‐ co ‐bis (chloropropyl)‐…
Abstract Wood–polymer composites (WPC) of Geronggang ( Cratoxylon arborescens ), a light tropical hardwood, impregnated with methyl methacrylate (MMA), methyl methacrylate‐ co ‐acrylonitrile (1 : 1; MAN), and styrene‐ co ‐acrylonitrile (3 : 2; STAN), were prepared by in situ polymerization using gamma radiation or the…
Concrete has clearly emerged as the most economical and durable material for the building of the vast majority of marine structures. Reinforced concrete too has overcome the technological problems making it a suitable material for the construction of advanced marine structures such as offshore drilling platforms, supe…
The influence of applied static electric fields on the SrTiO 3 :V 4+ Jahn-Teller system has been studied by means of EPR at liquid helium temperatures. The experimental results can be accounted for by considering a 2 T 2g electronic ground state showing a strong Jahn-Teller interaction with a localized e g mode. In th…
The growth of p-ZnSe:N films by molecular-beam epitaxy, employing a free radical nitrogen source, has been investigated. Using this technique we have obtained p-type ZnSe with net acceptor concentrations up to 1.0×1018 cm−3, as measured by capacitance–voltage(C–V) profiling−this is the highest ever reported for p-type…
The structure of the Lennard-Jones solid, obtained by molecular-dynamics simulation of crystallization in the supercooled liquid, may be fcc, although the hcp structure is energetically more favorable. This could derive from the cubic symmetry of the fcc lattice, allowing lattice defects that are not possible in the h…
Spin polarization and magnetic circular and linear dichroism in photoemission are interpreted in a many-electron approach. The six different ways to orient the three polarizations in the experiment (magnetization, electric vector of the light, and spin of the photoelectron) allow measurement of six different kinds of…
The authors present measurements of the elastic constants on a single crystal of the shape-memory alloy NiTi in a wide temperature range. Step-like anomalies and hysteresis are detected at the austenitic-martensitic phase transition which provide evidence for the strain-order parameter coupling in the pre-martensitic…
In situ $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ M\"ossbauer spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction on ${\mathrm{CaFeO}}_{3}$ (${\mathrm{Fe}}^{4}$:${\mathit{t}}_{2}^{3}$${\mathit{e}}^{1}$) under pressure have revealed a first-order high-spin (S=2) to low-spin (S=1) transition near 30 GPa. The spin and structure transition is an laternative man…
The characteristic time for establishing thermal equilibrium between the lattice and the spin system is 100±80 ps in ferromagnetic gadolinium.Received 29 May 1991DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.3314©1991 American Physical Society