Materials Literature
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To explore the origin of the recently discovered non-Arrhenius behavior of the dc conductivity in glassy fast ionic conductors at high temperatures, we investigate by Monte Carlo simulations the transport of charged particles in an energetically disordered structure. We show that the combined effect of Coulomb interac…
Epitaxial hcp and bcc Cu and Pd films were grown on W(100). The epitaxial relation of the hcp films is determined by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) as $(11\overline{2}0)\ensuremath{\parallel}(100)$ and $[0001]\ensuremath{\parallel}[011]$. The growth of hcp Cu and Pd is attributed to the much small…
By electrolysis of the methanol solution, an attempt was made to deposit diamondlike carbon (DLC) films on silicon substrate at temperature of less than 60 °C. Substrates were negatively biased with a dc potential of 0 to −3000 V. IR spectra showed that the O–H, C–H, and C–O vibration bands of electrolyte decreased re…
A giant permittivity associated with the motion of domain walls is reported in epitaxial hetero- structures having alternating layers of ferroelectric and nonferroelectric oxides. At low frequencies, permittivities as high as 420 000 are found. Real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant show large dispersion…
Kink defects in the 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} partial dislocation in silicon are studied using a linear-scaling density-matrix technique. The asymmetric core reconstruction plays a crucial role, generating at least four distinct kink species as well as soliton defects. The energies and migration barriers o…
Five structural phase transitions have been observed in the perovskite-type layer compound (C6H13NH3)2PbCL4 using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and vibrational analysis. Phase IV, stable at low temperature, has an ordered structure. The phase transition IV → III', which is of first-order type,…
Side-chain ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymers are currently used in a number of applications, including displays and electrical sensors. Comparisons with existing technologies and materials indicate that relative to ceramics, such polymers have lower figures of merit but offer greater durability in sensor appli…
Measurements of low levels of strain birefringence in fused silica glass have been made using a system based on a photoelastic modulator. Measurements of sample net retardation have been made with a resolution of 0.1 nanometers. Measured values of a strain birefringence constant for fused silica are in good agreement…
A conceptual foundation for the study of local non-equilibrium solute diffusion under rapid solidification conditions is proposed. The model takes into account the relaxation to local equilibrium of the solute flux and incorporates two diffusion speeds, VDb, the bulk liquid diffusion speed, and VDi, the interface diff…
Long nanotubes of fluid-lipid bilayers can be used to create templates for photochemical polymerization into solid-phase conduits and networks. Each nanotube is pulled from a micropipette-held feeder vesicle by mechanical retraction of the vesicle after molecular bonding to a rigid substrate. The caliber of the tube i…
The molecular organization in ultrathin polymer films (thicknesses less than 1000 angstroms) and thin polymer films (thicknesses between 1000 and 10,000 angstroms) may differ substantially from that of bulk polymers, which can lead to important differences in resulting thermophysical properties. Such constrained geome…
Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a conceptually and experimentally simple yet highly versatile tool for thin-film and multilayer research. Its advantages for the film growth of oxides and other chemically complex materials include stoichiometric transfer, growth from an energetic beam, reactive deposition, and inheren…
Living organisms construct various forms of laminated nanocomposites through directed nucleation and growth of inorganics at self-assembled organic templates at temperatures below 100°C and in aqueous solutions. Recent research has focused on the use of functionalized organic surfaces to form continuous thin films…
Local control of the domain orientation in diblock copolymer thin films can be obtained by the application of electric fields on micrometer-length scales. Thin films of an asymmetric polystyrene-polymethylmethacrylate diblock copolymer, with cylindrical polymethylmethacrylate microdomains, were spin-coated onto substr…
PbSe/${\mathrm{Pb}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathit{x}}$Se superlattices (x0.02, periods: 40 nm) were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on (111) oriented substrates. They were investigated by interband absorption in Faraday geometry (B\ensuremath{\parallel}k\ensuremath{\parallel}[111]) and b…
Li ions were electrochemically intercalated into sputtered Ti oxyfluoride films. The process was found to be thermally activated with an activation energy depending on the amount of intercalated Li and decreasing with increasing Li content. The chemical diffusion coefficient was thermally activated as well with an act…
Attempts to synthesize [M([14]aneN4)][M′X4] chain systems (M,M′ = divalent metal ion, [14]aneN4 = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, X = Cl, Br) yielded three M([14]aneN4)X2.xH2O salts. The structures of these three salts, dibromo(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N′,N′′,N′′′)copper(II), [CuBr2(C10H24N4)], dichloro(…
The angle dependence of the valence-band photoemission from the trigonal prismatic layered ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ shows both the forward-scattering features normally observed in core-level photoelectron diffraction and, in addition, the initial-state orbital character associated with partially occupied, nonbonding ${\ma…
A review of existing and new structural and Mössbauer data for iron-containing perovskites is presented. A systematic trend between mean M-O bond length and centre shift is determined for Fe2+ and Fe3+ in oxide minerals and silicates, which can be used to determine the valence and site distribution for iron in perovsk…
The presentation gives a brief overview and description of point defects and extended defects that may be considered to arise from clustering or ordering of point defects. Defect chemistry and the relations between defect concentrations and transport properties are exemplified and illustrated by a review of nonstoichi…