Materials Literature
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A Nd‐doped HfO 2 ‐Y 2 O 3 ceramic having excellent transmittance was synthesized by HIPing, using high‐purity powders (>99.99 wt%) of Y 2 O 3 , Nd 2 O 3 , and HfO 2 . The mixed powder compacts of these powders were sintered at 1650°C for 1 h under vacuum and HIPed at 1700°C for 3 h under 196 MPa of Ar. The specimen…
Localized {100} fiber textured diamond films were grown by addition of 20–200 ppm nitrogen into the gas phase during hot-filament chemical-vapor deposition (CVD). Cathodoluminescence indicates the presence of the nitrogen-vacancy system in the {100} textured diamond, whereas a blue ‘‘band A’’ luminescence is normally…
It is now well known that Si, B and OH+F are variable components of tourmaline, and yet the stereochemical details of their variation in the tourmaline structure are still not well characterized or understood. Application of the valence-sum rule of bond-valence theory to questions of short-range atomic arrangements sh…
Microstructure, cathodic polarization, and ohmic resistance on the cathode side of ‐based solid oxide fuel cells have been studied for the intermediate temperature operation range between 700 and 900°C. Starting powder characteristics, powder calcination temperature, and sintering temperature strongly influence the fi…
A ceramic‐matrix composite (CMC) that exhibits damage‐tolerant behavior without “weak” interfaces has been demonstrated. The concept relies on the heterogeneous distribution of fiber bundles within a porous matrix having homogeneous, fine porosity. It also depends on the development of residual stress from thermal exp…
The sonolytic degradation of aqueous carbon tetrachloride is investigated at a sound frequency of 20 kHz and 135 W (112.5 W cm - 2 ) of power. The observed first-order degradation rate constant in an Ar-saturated solution is 3.3 × 10 - 3 s - 1 when the initial CCl 4 concentration, [CCl 4 ] i, is 1.95 × 10 - 4 mol L -…
General Survey. Quantum Theory and Magnetism. Spin and Magnetization, Statics and Dynamics. Magnetostatics, Magnetic Domains and Magnetic Design. Survey of Magnetic Materials. Special Topics. Appendices. Indexes.
We analyse the kinetics of the transition between two variants of martensite during biaxial dead loading. The volume fraction of one martensite variant versus the applied loads exhibits an unusual hysteresis, characterized by a sensitive dependence on the amplitude of the loads and a dissipationless response at small…
The stability of the moving contact line is examined for both Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids. Two methods for relieving the contact line singularity are chosen: matching the free surface profile to a precursor film of thickness b, and introducing slip at the solid substrate. The linear stability of the Newtonian ca…
“ In situ toughened” silicon carbides, containing Al, B, and C additives, were prepared by hot pressing. Densification, phase transformations, and microstructural development were described. The microstructures, secondary phases, and grain boundaries were characterized using a range of analytical techniques including…
Highly tetrahedral, dense amorphous carbon (ta-C) films have been deposited using rf sputtering of graphite by an unbalanced magnetron with intense dc Ar-ion plating at low temperatures (<70 °C). The ratio of the argon ion flux to neutral carbon flux Φi/Φn is about 5. The film density and compressive stress are…
Shape-memory behavior is the ability of certain materials to recover, on heating, apparently plastic deformation sustained below a critical temperature. Some materials have good shape-memory behavior as single crystals but little or none as polycrystals, while others display good shape-memory behavior even as polycrys…
Applications of carbon nanotubes , a unique material, are limited by the relative inertness of the carbon surface. A general method of overcoming this is proposed in which the surface is preoxidized, producing various groups on the surface. These surface groups then act as nucleation points. For example, in the electr…
The F 1s spectra from fluorine-containing phosphate glasses provide quantitative information about the nature of fluorine bonding that can be used to test structure–composition models. When fluorine is added to an aluminophosphate base glass, AlνF bonds are initially preferred until all available Al sites are filled,…