Materials Literature
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Chromium, as the trivalent ion, can act as a pharmaceutical agent, increasing the sensitivity of the body to insulin and improving the symptoms of conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, that result from insulin‐insensitivity. For chromium to act, it must enter insulin‐sensitive tissues including the skeletal muscle wher…
Nocardia Cholesterolicum NRRL 5767 is well‐known for the ability to transform about 95% of added oleic acid to value‐added product, namely 10‐hydroxystearic acid (10‐HSA). Oleate hydratase is the enzyme catalyzes this conversion. The objective of this research was to clone, overexpress, and characterize oleate hydrata…
Objective Cinobufotalin (CINO), a cardiotonic steroid (CTS) or bufadienolide, is extracted from the skin secretions of the traditional Chinese medicine giant toads (Chan su). CINO has been used as a cardiotonic, diuretic and hemostatic agent. Previously we have shown that CINO inhibits cytotrophoblast cell function. R…
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated that the homeostatic intracellular repair response (HIR 2 ) is activated during cardiac surgery. Part of HIR 2 involves brisk mitochondrial turnover in the heart; a process that comprises both mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that mitophagy is…
To date only “simple” bioengineered tissues have been FDA approved and are currently on the market. These tissues typically lack either vasculature or nerve innervation and are simple tubular or balloon‐like structures. In order to move forward with bioengineered organs, the challenges of developing sustainable vascul…
The Eukaryotic Protein Kinases (EPKs) share a conserved hydrophobic core that conceptualizes our understanding of their regulation and catalysis. This EPK core was first described by 12 subdomains, which were later mapped to conserved elements of secondary structure in the EPK core when the first structure of PKA kina…
Objective To investigate the differences in the level or activity of biochemical molecules contained in enriched AAC1 and traditional homemade chicken broth that are implicated in improving and maintaining good joint health. Background Chicken broth is a complex mixture containing extractives obtained from cooking of…
The molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is essential for all kingdoms of life, plays central roles in various biological processes, and must be biosynthesized de novo. During Moco biosynthesis, the characteristic pyranopterin ring is constructed by a complex rearrangement of guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) into cyclic pyranopt…
Cells are organized on length scales from Angstroms to microns. However, the mechanisms by which Angstrom‐scale molecular properties are translated to micron‐scale macroscopic properties are not well understood. We have shown that interactions between multivalent proteins and multivalent ligands can cause liquid‐liqui…
The leopard gecko ( Eublepharis macularius ) is an emerging model for the study of spinal cord regeneration. As for many lizards, leopard geckos are able to self‐detach their tails (to escape predation) and then spontaneously regenerate a replacement. The regenerate tail is characterized by a centrally positioned spin…
Autologous saphenous vein is the standard material for bypassing small diameter (<6mm) coronary arteries, but are subject to intimal hyperplasia, thrombosis, and accelerated atherosclerosis. To date, no biomaterial functions as a substitute for vein graft. We have recently developed an endovascular biomaterial, PFC, c…
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked disease caused by mutations in dystrophin and characterized by muscle degeneration, cardiomyopathy, and impaired muscle nitric oxide (NO) production that leads to misregulated muscle blood flow and excessive post‐exercise fatigue. Data from our laboratory show that seru…
GRP78, an M r 78 kDa glucose responsive protein is located in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It functions as ER chaperone in translocating protein across the ER membrane that needs to be glycosylated at the asparagine residue present in the sequeon Asn‐X‐Ser/Thr (N‐linked glycosylation). This is an impor…
The morphogenesis of the amorphous cardiac cushions into thin fibrous leaflets requires controlled cellular compaction and elongation in an intensifying mechanical environment. We have previously reported that as atrioventricular (AV) valve maturation progresses, interstitial cells respond differently to cyclic mechan…
Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide. Untreated infection of the human ocular or urogenital tract can lead to blindness, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammation, and infertility. The C. trachomatis protein Pgp3 is a homotrimer believed to play a prominent…
In the silkworm, Bombyx mori , the degradation of larval tissues is an essential process for generating raw materials to build an adult body. It has been shown that most of the larval tissues disappear in the pupal stage upon activation of Bmcaspase dependent apoptosis. As an approach to identify the ligand responsibl…
As a result of pioneering research unveiling the influence of extracellular environment in determining stem/progenitor cell differentiation, a myriad of cellular scaffolds have been developed in order to optimize the delivery of these cells in a diseased environment as a technique to improve their efficacy in stem cel…
The mitochondrion is a key player in basic cellular homeostasis in eukaryotic cells, contributing to the synthesis of ATP, prevention of oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species and regulation of cell death. In yeast, most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and imported post‐translationally i…
The γ‐secretase complex is a four‐subunit membrane‐bound protease complex that regulates a number of critical cellular functions through the cleavage of transmembrane substrate proteins. Of the four subunits, nicastrin is involved in substrate recruitment. Germline deletion of any of the four subunits leads to death d…
Skeletal organs reinforce the skin of many vertebrates. For most tetrapods these organs are osteoderms, bone‐rich inclusions of the dermis. Although common to armadillos and various reptilian groups, osteoderms have also been reported in frogs. Here we investigate and compare the structure and development of osteoderm…