Materials Literature
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Multiaxial warp knitted (MWK) fabrics were formerly developed as substrates for flexible coated fabrics. They have an important role in industrial applications due to their outstanding mechanical properties. At the beginning of the 1990s, MWK fabrics entered the field of rigid structural composites to produce aerospac…
Corrosion of alloy 625 (NiCr22Mo9Nb; 2.4856) pressure tubes was investigated in aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid (0.05 — 1.0 mol/kg) and oxygen (0.48 mol/kg) at temperatures up to 500°C and pressures of 24 MPa. Reaction times were up to 185 h. At acid concentrations below 0.1 mol/kg, no corrosion was found caused…
Two-dimensional foams are used to model the evolution and the steady state of biological tissues. When only cell division occurs, we deduce the mode of division simply from the stationary distribution of the number of sides per cells, by inverting a system of coupled rate equations. Comparisons with experimental data…
Extended structure factors for ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{x/2}{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ glasses (x=0,0.34,0.5,0.68) have been obtained by energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction. The first neighbor Si-O and Al-O interatomic distances and coordination numbers have been determined thanks to the…
With their impressive energy performance and their outstanding power capability, Ni-MH batteries are equally suitable for use in pure and hybrid electric vehicles. This is due to the basic nickel-metal hydride technology. For one thing, hydrogen can be stored in metal-hydride alloys at very high volumetric densities,…
High efficiencies of thin crystalline Si solar cells grown on highly doped substrates have been reported. We propose porous Si layers located near the interface of the active layer and the substrate to introduce an optical confinement into these cells. We report on the experimental proof of the principle for this nove…
The thermal stability of wet-chemically prepared Cu/SiO 2 model catalysts containing nanometer-sized Cu particles on silica model supports was studied upon heating in hydrogen and ultrahigh vacuum. The surface and interface phenomena that occur are determined by the metal−support interactions. Heating in hydrogen resu…
Radiation chemistry dates from the discovery of radioactivity one century ago by H. Becquerel and P. and M. Curie. The complex phenomena induced by ionizing radiation have been explained progressively. At present, the methodology of radiation chemistry, particularly in the pulsed mode, provides a powerful means to stu…
The microstructures of 5 wt% SiO 2 ‐doped TZP, 5 wt% (SiO 2 + 2 wt% MgO)‐doped TZP, and 5 wt% (SiO 2 + 2 wt% Al 2 O 3 )‐doped TZP are characterized by high‐resolution electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. An amorphous phase is formed at multiple grain junctio…
There are three phases in the phase diagram of SbSI: ferroelectric (T < 298 K), antiferroelectric (298 < T < 410 K) and paraelectric (T > 410 K). In the antiferroelectric phase the arrangement of the polar chains becomes antiparallel (up and down). It causes a disorder of the Sb atoms. Ferroelectricity and phase trans…
Silicate-bearing and silicate-free natrocarbonatites have been recently erupted at Oldoinyo Lengai. Low-pressure (20 and 100 MPa) experiments were undertaken to determine the phase relationships of a natural silicate-bearing natrocarbonatite (OL5) from Oldoinyo Lengai. Nepheline appears first on the liquidus. Over a p…
The reduction of acid gas content in combustion or incineration flue gases can be carried out by reaction with dry, fine alkaline sorbents such as calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. In the present work, in addition to the thermodynamic study of the different reactions involved in the dechlorination process, an experi…
The microstructure and nonlinear current‐voltage characteristics of Mn 3 O 4 ‐doped ZnO‐V 2 O 5 ceramics, microwave‐sintered at 800°‐1200°C for 10 min, have been investigated. A high density (96% of the theoretical density) has been achieved. The incorporation of Mn 3 O 4 additives does not significantly alter the den…
Abstract Coordination structures of neodymium(III) complexes with some β-diketones were investigated in terms of their correlations with emission efficiency in deuterated dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-d6). The analysis of UV-vis spectra, 13C NMR, electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) spectra, XANES and EXAFS analysis of tr…
Two different kinds of electron spin resonance (ESR) signals, triclinic and isotropic, are observed in amorphous selenium under photoexcitation at 20 K with a concentration of up to ${10}^{20}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}.$ ESR annealing behavior shows that isotropic centers are not stable and are converted…
Dielectric properties of the disordered and ordered Pb(In 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 (abbreviated as PIN) single crystals were investigated in the range of temperature T from -70 to 200°C and of hydrostatic pressures p up to 0.7 GPa. For the disordered PIN, a typical dielectric dispersion which obeys the empirical Vogel-Fulcher…
The glass transition of highly ordered columnar discotics within the framework of the concept of fragility is discussed. The discussion is based on experimental findings from dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, calorimetric, and X-ray scattering measurements. The findings are that discotics in their three-dimensionall…
We discuss the deformation of a curved interface between solid phases, assuming small strains in the bulk phases and neglecting accretion at the interfaces. Such assumptions are relevant to the deformation of solid microstructures when atomic diffusion and the formation of defects such as dislocations are negligible.…
This paper attempts the geometric modeling of woven and braided fabric structures in three dimensions using a computer aided geometric design (CAGD) technique. A new symbolic approach to fabric structure representation, which is useful to the textile CAD/CAM process and fabric design, is presented, and a basic model i…
Benzotriazole-mediated indirect electrophilic substitution in the position para to the oxygen atom of benzo[b]pyrylium salts has been used for the synthesis of long-chain and bifunctional benzo[b]pyrylium species. The methodology has potential for application in high technology and the pharmaceutical industries, for t…