Materials Literature
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The surface roughness and nanometer scale structure of Ag films used for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two important types of thin film based SERS-active surface have been examined in this study: (1) Ag island films (AgIF’s) on smooth, insulating substr…
Catalytic combustion, as an alternative to conventional thermal combustion, has received considerable attention during the past decade. Research efforts have been promoted by the need to meet governmental demands concerning pollution and the wish to use energy sources more efficiently. The two main advantages offered…
The cooling of a crystal in combination with the use of a protecting oil facilitates the handling and transfer to a diffractometer of even very sensitive material. The method is explained and the required device is described in this work. Basic advantages of the technique are simplicity and freedom of access to the sa…
PSK (Krestin), a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from Coriolus versicolor, stimulated the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells more efficiently than the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). More IL-1 alpha was accumulated in the cells than in the medium fraction,…
Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 thin films covering the whole compositional range x=0 to x=1 have been grown for the first time on the sapphire (11̄02) plane using the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. The films are three-dimensionally epitaxial and exhibit single crystal properties. The structural transitions, examine…
We report for the first time on room temperature electroluminescence in the region 1.3–1.7 μm from a strain-adjusted Si6Ge4 superlattice. These results, together with photoluminescence, short-circuit photocurrent spectroscopy, and voltage-intensity and current-intensity measurements indicate that the observed electrol…
Photochemical regulation of in-plane alignment of a nematic liquid crystal is presented. A quartz plate surface was modified with 4-hexyl-4′-hexyloxyazobenzene substituted with triethoxysilyl group through a spacer at the 2′ position to introduce the side-on type azobenzene unit of the surface. A liquid crystal hybrid…
In this paper, it is reported that the electroluminescence (EL) of porous silicon shows a reversible spectral shift as large as 270 nm for an external bias variation of 0.6 V. This electroluminescence is obtained upon cathodic polarization of lightly doped n-type porous silicon in contact with aqueous persulphate solu…
It is found that the thermally activated behavior of nonlinear conduction below the threshold field in thin samples of orthorhombic ${\mathrm{TaS}}_{3}$ vanishes at temperatures below 10 K. Current noise appearing in the low-temperature region indicates that the electric current is transferred by portions of charge wh…
We report the first experimental observation of the commensurate state of the recently discovered helical smectic-C phase. The projection of the reciprocal lattice on the plane perpendicular to the pitch axis consists of a ring of equispaced Bragg spots, as predicted by Renn and Lubensky for the ``twist grain boundary…
We study the selection of the shape and growth velocity of three-dimensional dendritic crystals in cubically anisotropic materials. In the framework of asymptotics beyond all orders we derive the inner boundary-layer equation for the nonaxisymmetric shape correction to the Ivantsov paraboloid shape. The solvability co…
Single quasicrystals of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{70}$${\mathrm{Pd}}_{21}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{9}$ were plastically deformed by 25% under compression at 750 C. Both these samples as well as control samples of as-grown and heat-treated material were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that upon deformation…
A stable, non-peptide inhibitor of the protease from type 1 human immunodeficiency virus has been developed, and the stereochemistry of binding defined through crystallographic three-dimensional structure determination. The initial compound, haloperidol, was discovered through computational screening of the Cambridge…
A compound has been synthesized with the formula (rad)(2)Mn(2)[Cu(opba)](3)(DMSO)(2).2H(2)O, where rad(+) is 2-(4-N-methylpyridinium)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, opba is orthophenylenebis(oxamato), and DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide. It consists of two nearly perpendicular graphite-like networks with ed…
Composites of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials show a product property called magnetoelectricity which is absent in its constituent phases. The electric and magnetic fields are linked in the composite through the elastic stress-strain fields of the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases. Thus an applied…
Oxygen isotope fractionation factors for SiO 2 and Al 2 SiO 5 polymorphs have been calculated by means of the modified increment method. The results suggest that the 18 O is depleted in the high pressure forms (i.e. the more dense phases). The effect of crystal structure on isotopic partitioning in polymorphic phases…
The smartness of a shape-memory material is a consequence of its ability to form a flexible variant structure at one temperature while recognizing only a homogeneous equilibrium at a different temperature. The fine scale morphology or microstructure of this variant structure has a clear role in the macroscopic behavio…
The study of the octahedral Al-Mg series in smectites was conducted using synthesis methods at 200-250°C. All synthesized clays were tetrahedrally charged thus leading to a solid-solution between beidellite and saponite end-members. The TEM chemical microanalyses indicated that the Al-Mg series was continuous between…
Abstract Plasma polymers were deposited on poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates using fluorocarbons such as CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 6 , C 4 F 8 , and mixtures thereof with CH 4 . The fluoro‐carbons selected were of saturated structure (CF 4 , C 2 F 6 ), unsaturated structure (C 3 F 6 ), and cyclic structure (…
Solvent Effect on Carboxymethylation of CelluloseThe mixture of water and isopropyl alcohol is the ideal solvent for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) .lThe effect of the proportion of isopropyl alcohol to water in the solvent on the degree of substitution and viscosity of the CMC product has been repor…