Materials Literature
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The reaction of SiCl4 with bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide in a 1:2 molar ratio followed by annealing at temperatures above 400 or 900°C provides the first crystalline ternary Si-C-N solids, namely silicon dicarbodiimide (SiC2N4) and silicon (carbodiimide)nitride (Si2CN4), in near quantitative yields. The anti-cuprite…
A combination of classical density-functional theory and thermodynamic perturbation theory is applied to a survey of finite-temperature trends in the relative stabilities of one-component crystals and quasicrystals interacting via effective metallic pair potentials derived from pseudopotential theory. Comparing the fr…
Hydrogen molybdenum bronzes, H0.21MoO3 (type I) and H0.91MoO3 (type II) were characterized by Mo K-edge XAFS spectroscopy. XANES spectra showed that type I has an axially symmetric MoO6 unit which is mainly conncted to each other with vertices sharing and a MoO6 unit in type II are similar to that in MoO2. EXAFS spect…
A design procedure for two aberration-corrected spherical concave gratings operating in the spectral range 91–103 nm (extreme-ultraviolet) is presented. The first configuration is a Rowland circle mount whereas the second is based on the conditions of stationarity with respect to wavelength for the second-order aberra…
According to diffraction measurements of the average structure, V2O3 changes on heating from monoclinic to trigonal, accompanied by a 1.4% volume decrease, where some V - V distances decrease by about 0.11 Å, favoring the Mott - Hubbard mechanism of the phase transition from insulator to metal. Our polarized XAFS meas…
Studies of local atomic structure in the zinc-blende Zn 1 _ x F e x S (x = 0.11-0.50) diluted magnetic semiconductors with the use of the EXAFS technique are reported for the first time. They include the Kedge EXAFS measurements for both cationic elements (Zn, Fe). The experiment was carried out at room temperature in…
The dissolution rates of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) ceramics into CaOAl 2 O 3 SiO 2 slags were investigated by using a rotating specimen method in the temperature range of 1773–1873 K. Dissolution rates in the present study increased as the revolution speed and temperature increased and decreased as the SiO 2 content…
Abstract The corrosion behaviour of nickel‐aluminium alloys with aluminium contents of 2‐50%, in molten carbonate has been investigated with electrochemical techniques in combination with post‐test analysis of quenched specimens. For the 2 to 10% aluminium alloys a type of aluminium oxide is formed along the grain bou…
The phenomenon of hysteresis in magnetic materials has been widely studied for many decades and several models have been proposed to find good approximations for this phenomenon. The simulation presented in this paper describes hysteresis in a cylindrical type II superconductor of small aspect ratio. A fundamental app…
It is shown that in a layered medium consisting of a magnetic metal (Co) and a nonmagnetic insulator (TiO 2 ), the layer thickness being less than the wavelength of the light, a fundamental change occurs in the character of the Faraday-effect spectra if the number of layers is sufficiently large. When the number of pa…
This article discusses different natural and man-made foams, with particular emphasis on the different modes of formation and stability. Natural foams, such as those produced on the sea or by numerous creatures for nests, are generally stabilised by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) molecules or proteins. In addition to…
A laboratory investigation of the geotechnical properties of a marine clay saturated with a series of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent cations revealed large differences in behavior which depend on the exchangeable cations. The exchangeable cations employed in this study are sodium (Na), potassium (K), ammonium (NH…
High and steep lightning surge voltages sometimes cause the electrical punctures of suspension insulators. Microscopic analysis clarifies the electrical breakdown mechanism of the ceramic material. V-t characteristics of the insulators are closely examined. The chance of a puncture depends on the dimensions of the ins…
This paper studies a vectorial problem in the calculus of variations arising in the theory of martensitic microstructure. The functional has an integral representation where the integrand is a non-convex function of the gradient with exactly four minima. We prove that the Young measure corresponding to a minimizing se…
The paper sets out to describe how it is essential that product development and implementation are undertaken on a joint partnership basis, between supplier and manufacturer from concept stage; this is to ensure that coated steels and associated substrates developed will meet the design and manufacture requirements, t…
RuO 2 thin films have been grown on (100)MgO substrates by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) measurements showed that the RuO 2 thin film were (110) oriented and in-plane ordered (epitaxially grown). The electrical and optical prop…
The magnetostriction of the Ising antiferromagnet DyCrO 3 during metamagnetic transitions induced by a magnetic field applied along the a and b axes of the crystal is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The magnetostriction measurements performed in the temperature range 1.5–4.2 K in magnetic fields up to 3…
Abstract Laboratory weight loss and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization corrosion tests were performed on two types of corrosion resistant alloys, a duplex alloy (ferritic‐austenitic stainless steel) and two austenitic stainless steels, in mixtures of chloride (3000, 9000 and 15000 ppm) and fluoride (4800 and 15000 pp…
Breakdown characteristics have been investigated for low-density polyethylene immersed in silicone oil by applying power-frequency ac voltages with high-frequency components, which are simulated output voltages of a pulse-width-modulation inverter. It was found that the breakdown voltage decreases as the high-frequenc…
Structure of Layered Double Hydroxides and the reaction occurring during thermal treatments are investigated. The reaction is supposed to be a grafting reaction of interlamellar species onto layers but its mechanism is not well known. These materials display a very poor level of organisation and the study of their fin…