Materials Literature
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An investigation was made into the source of strut cracking during the fabrication process of open cell ceramics that are produced by coating a polymeric foam. Several sources for the stress that produces these cracks were considered, viz., differential drying, thermal expansion mismatch between the polymer and the gr…
We propose, and verify in the case of a Ge-doped-silica-core optical fiber, a general explanation for the power-law dependencies on dose frequently observed for the radiation-induced attenuation in optical fibers. This insight permits detailed prediction of the post-irradiation recovery curves, given just the empirica…
A trypan blue inclusion assay was used to measure cell death on poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), polyethylene (PE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyurethanes, glass, and glow-discharge-treated polystyrene or poly(ethylene terephthalate). Cell lines used were bovine aortic endothelial, 3T3, mouse peritoneal macrop…
Abstract Novel soluble polyimides containing perylene units have been synthesized. The polymers were prepared in a one‐step polycondensation reaction from 1,6,7,12‐tetrakis(4‐ tert ‐butylphenoxy)‐3,4:9,10‐perylenedianhydride and aliphatic and aromatic diamines. The amorphous polyimides have a very good solubility in a…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-State Effects in Spin Transitions: Influence of Iron(II) Dilution on the Magnetic and Calorimetric Properties of the Series [FexNi1-x(4,4'-bis(1,2,4-triazole))2(NCS)2].cntdot.H2OJean-Pierre Martin, Jacqueline Zarembowitch, Ary Dworkin, Jaap G. Haasnoot, and Epiphane Co…
The validities of the Warren–Averbach analysis and of an alternative analysis for separation of size and strain contributions to diffraction line broadening are investigated. The analyses are applied to simulated and experimental line profiles. The Fourier coefficients of the simulated line profiles are derived from e…
Abstract Takovite, Ni 6 Al 2 (OH)i 6 CO 3 -5H 2 O, with molar Ni/Al ratios of 2.5 and 3 is prepared by precipitation at pH levels of 7 and 10, periods of reaction of 3 and 20 hr, and calcination temperatures varying between 120° and 8 5 3°C. The quantity of reduced Ni is determined as a function of the calcination tem…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBaeyer-Villiger Oxidation of Ketones Using Molecular Oxygen and Benzaldehyde in the Absence of Metal CatalystsKiyotomi Kaneda, Shinji Ueno, Toshinobu Imanaka, Emi Shimotsuma, Yutaka Nishiyama, and Yasutaka IshiiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 11, 2915–2917Publication Date…
This tutorial illustrates situations where electromigration (a wearout failure mechanism) in electronic devices can degrade performance. Electromigration and its relation to microstructure is discussed. Temperature considerations are treated. A practical model for electromigration and two application examples of it ar…
In situ atomic force microscopy was used in conjunction with microlithography and scanning Auger electron spectroscopy to monitor localized corrosion near iron‐rich inclusions in Al‐6061‐T6 immersed in 0.6 M and also sulfur‐rich inclusions in 304 stainless steel (SS‐304) in 0.5 M . The local rate of aluminum corrosion…
Abstract Initiation and early propagation of pitting and filiform corrosion on bare alloy AZ91 (9% Al, 1% Zn) are investigated by natural immersion corrosion tests, electrochemical measurements and microanalytical studies. Initiation sites are few. Corrosion spreads from these sites first in the form of filiform corro…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAtomic Absorption, Atomic Emission, and Flame Emission SpectrometryKenneth W. Jackson and Tariq M. MahmoodCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 12, 252–279Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.…
Abstract Solid‐solid phase transitions in the α‐, β‐, γ‐, and ϵ‐polymorphs of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) have been studied as a function of temperature. Techniques employed include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), and h…
Abstract The substitution of Fe 3+ in the kaolinite structure is studied by EPR spectrometry and by FTIR spectrometry on a large set of kaolins from different origins (sedimentary and primary ores, soil kaolins). The IR bands at 3598 and 875 cm −1 , observed in the literature only in the case of disordered kaolins or…
The effects of gradients on the localization and patterning of deformation at various scales ranging from the millimeter (macroscale) down to the nanometer (nanoscale) are discussed.At the nanoscale, a dominant mechanism of deformation is the rearrangement of free nano volume and exchange of momentum between bulk and…
Abstract A new high molecular weight aromatic polyimide has been synthesized from 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and 2,2′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl (DMB) in p ‐chlorophenol at elevated temperature. BPDA‐DMB fibers have been spun by a dry‐jet wet spinning method. The fibers were elongated and…
Abstract Infrared spectroscopy is used to distinguish between octahedral and tetrahedral substitutions in an interstratified illite-smectite clay. The Hofmann-Klemen (Li) test suggests that the AlMg□ and FeMg□ octahedral vacancies are preferentially occupied by Li after thermal treatment at 250°C. The ammonium (Choura…
Abstract Long‐term compositional changes were observed when n ‐hexane plasma polymers were stored in air at ambient temperature. These post‐deposition changes were monitored over periods exceeding one year using XPS, grazing angle FTIR, and SEM. A rapid initial increase in the oxygen content was followed by a slower o…
While Bragg diffraction data can only reveal average one-body information, such as atomic positions, thermal ellipsoids and site occupancies, diffuse scattering contains two-body information and is thus potentially a rich source of information on how atoms and molecules interact. The two major mathematical approaches…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonoelectronics. Cation-Induced Nonlinear Complexation: Crown Ether- and Poly(ethylene oxide)-Substituted Lutetium BisphthalocyaninesThierry Toupance, Vefa Ahsen, and Jacques SimonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 12, 5352–5361Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publi…