Trends in Colloid and Interface Science X
This volume contains the proceedings of the IXth annual meeting of the European Colloid and Interface Society (ECIS) which took place in Barcelona, Spain, in September 1995. The contributions cover a
Materials Literature
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λ Transition in Liquid Sulfur Studied by Brillouin Scattering
Liquid sulfur was studied by Brillouin scattering from the melting point up to 200 °C. Polarized spectra show no evidence of the λ transition. The velocity of sound extracted from the Brillouin spectra agrees with previous ultrasonic measurements. The width of the central line in the depolarized spectra exhibits a max…
VLS Growth of ITO Whiskers Prepared by the Electron Shower Method
Abstract Indium tin oxide (ITO) whiskers were grown by VLS (vapour‐liquid‐solid) mechanism, using the electron shower method. The whiskers were grown above 200 °C, and the deposition rate was above 0.6 nm/s. The electron shower controlled the size of the whiskers, and the size was 30 nm in diameter and 600 nm in lengt…
Formation of Intermetallic Compounds Layer Composed of Ni<SUB>3</SUB>Y and Ni<SUB>5</SUB>Y by Electrodeposition on Ni Using Molten NaCl–KCl–YCl<SUB>3</SUB>
Electrodeposition of Y on Ni and their alloying by molten salt electrolysis was attempted in an equimolar NaCl–KCl melt containing up to 4 mol% YCl3 at 1073 K. The electrolysis was carried out using the potentiostatic polarization method at constant potentials of −1.8, −2.0 and −2.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl(0.1) for 1.8 ks. In t…
Effects of CaO and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Added to MgO-C Refractories on MgO-C Reaction
Effects of CaO and Al2O3 on the reaction between MgO and C have been investigated and corresponding mechanisms have been proposed. A small amount (within the solubility limit) of Al2O3 slightly inhibited the MgO-C reaction, but a small amount (within the solubility limit) of CaO had little effect on the MgO-C reaction…
Oxidation Behavior of Titanium Boride at Elevated Temperatures
Oxidation behavior of titanium boride (TiB2) powder was investigated by thermal analyses (DTA and TG) and X-ray diffraction. From the DTA and TG analyses, a broad exothermic peak with a continuous weight gain was observed between 450 and 750°C. The exothermic peak was bimodal with a minimum around 550°C. High-temperat…
Mössbauer and electron paramagnetic resonance studies on some new bis-(ligated) porphyrinatoiron( III ) complexes with aliphatic amines. Models for cytochromes b
A series of bis(axially ligated) complexes [FeIIIL1(L′)2]+(H2L1= 3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-8,13-divinylporphyrin-2,18-dipropanoic acid; L′= ethyl-, n-propyl-, n-butyl-, n-octyl-, n-decyl-, n-dodecyl-, n-octadecyl-amine, 1,2-diaminoethane, morpholine or piperidine) have been prepared in solution and their electronic absorp…
The Thermal Decomposition of Polyhalite K2SO4 · MgSO4 · 2 CaSO4 · 2 H2O
Abstract The thermal decomposition of polyhalite (K 2 SO 4 · MgSO 4 · 2 CaSO 4 · 2H 2 O) was investigated by DSC/TG and X‐ray powder diffraction. The decomposition of the polyhalite starts at 285 °C in releasing the crystal water within one step. Simultaneously the decomposition of the polyhalite into anhydrite and tw…
Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Spectra of Metal Halide Complexes of 3,5-Lutedine in Relation to Their Structures
Fourier transform infrared (4000-200 cm1) and Raman (3500-50 cm−1) spectra are reported for metal(II) halide 3,5-lutidine (3,5-dimethylpyridine) complexes of the following stoichiometries: M(3,5L)4X2 M=Co or Ni, X=C1 or Br; M=Mn or Cu, X=Br; M=Cd, X=I; M(3,5L)3X2 M=Fe, X=C1; M=Cu, X=Br; Hg(3,5L) X2 X=C1 or Br. Vibrati…
Effect of Silicon Nitride Seeds Addition on the Particle Size and the Crystal Form of Resulting Powder in Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation of Silica
In the carbothermal reduction-nitridation method of producing silicon nitride powder, the effects of addition of silicon nitride seeds on the particle size and α-content in the resulting silicon nitride powder were investigated. The ratio of carbon to silica was determined to be 2.2, which is somewhat higher than the…
X-ray Diffraction Investigation of Iron in Sodium Phosphate Glasses
The short-range order of a series of sodium−iron phosphate glasses has been studied through X-ray diffraction with the purpose of investigating the structural role of iron ions in these glasses. Fe−O bond lengths and coordination numbers were obtained by simulating the difference radial curves calculated by subtractin…
Recent advances in olefin polymerization
Abstract Various metallocenes were tested for syndiotactic polymerization of propylene. Reduction in the amount of costly methylalumoxane (MAO) or replacement with the other components was accomplished. Small modifications in the metallocene ligands brought about remarkable differences in the resulting catalysts conce…
Synthesis and Some Spectroscopic Properties of Porphyrin Derivatives Connected with Nucleobases (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine) by Alkanamide Chains.
Several kinds of porphyrin derivatives covalently connected with adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine or adenine-thymine pair in a stacking mode between the porphyrin and nucleobase moiety have been synthesized via amide formation reaction of (2-aminophenyl)porphyrin derivatives with nucleobase-alkanoic acids, and char…
Characterization of High-Temperature Reactions at the BaO/W Interface
Thin (∼10 nm) BaO films on tungsten substrates, prepared at specific coverages from multilayer Langmuir−Blodgett precursor films, were heated to different temperatures between 200 and 1200 °C in a vacuum environment. The chemical changes occurring at the BaO/W interface were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectr…
Impact of Cotton Gin Machinery Sequences on Fiber Value and Quality
Studies involving moisture levels, trash levels, gin machines, and types of cotton were conducted to assess their impact on market value and fiber properties after processing with various gin machinery sequences. Selecting the optimum machine sequences increased monetary values for Study 1 from $12.22 to $20.85 per ba…
Relaxation of Segmental Orientation and Chain Extension in Polycarbonate Studied by Infrared Dichroism and Shrinkage
The relaxation of the segmental orientation and the chain extension in polycarbonate have been studied by infrared dichroism and heat shrinkage after a step strain deformation to a draw ratio of λ = 1.75. This makes it possible to distinguish between local relaxation mechanisms (Rouse) and large-scale relaxation mecha…
Evaluation of strain in heterosiliranes: Systematics, surprises, and problems
A series of different isodesmic and homodesmic reactions defining strain energies in 3-membered rings are described and discussed. One isodesmic and one homodesmic reaction are applied numerically with the purpose of estimating strain in heterosiliranes including second-row and third-row heteroatoms. All molecules inv…
Reaction of Sulfur with Ga−C Bonds: Synthesis and Characterization of [PyRGaS]3 Formed from Ga(S2R)3 (R = Et, Me)
The reactions of Ga(CH(2)CH(3))(3) with variable amounts of elemental sulfur, S(8), in toluene or benzene at different temperatures result in the insertion of sulfur into the Ga-C bonds to form the compounds Ga[(S-S)CH(2)CH(3)](3) (I) and Ga[(S-S-S)CH(2)CH(3)](3) (II). Compound I was isolated from the reaction at low…
Synthesis and thermal reactions of rhabdophane- (Y).
Syntheses of rhabdophane-(Y) (hexagonal YPO4·nH2O (n=0.5 to 1) were carried out by precipitation from aqueous solutions of Y(NO3)3·6H2O, (NH4)2HPO4 and citric acid with the mixing mole ratios of (NH4)2HPO4/Y(NO3)3·6H2O=4 and citric acid/Y(NO3)3·6H2O (C/Y)=5 to 30. Rhabdophane was obtained when those solutions were mai…
The effects of neutron damage on the retention of tritium in carbon composites
Tritium retention measurements have been performed for two carbon composites both before and after neutron irradiation. These two composites were FMI-222 manufactured by Fiber Materials Incorporated and MKC-1PH by Mitsubishi Kasei. The neutron irradiations were performed in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak…