Materials Literature
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The molecular and solid state nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of several (phenylazo)-azulenes are investigated. In particular, (4-nitrophenylazo)-azulene (2b) exhibits a quadratic hyperpolarizability (beta(vec)) of 80 x 10(-30) cm5esu recorded at 1.907 microm by the electric field-induced second-harmonic (EFISH) te…
The effect of various substrates on the electrical and electromechanical properties of 100-nm-thick epitaxial 0.9[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]–0.1[PbTiO3](0.9PMN–0.1PT) thin films is investigated. (001) 0.9PMN–0.1PT films are grown on (001)LaAlO3(LAO), (La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O3(LSAT), SrTiO3(STO), and MgO substrates with 40-nm-thick to…
Resonant x-ray scattering was used to investigate electronic fluctuations of the octahedral iron atoms in magnetite. We measured the (002) and (006) "forbidden" x-ray diffraction reflections permitted by the anisotropy of the iron anomalous scattering factor. The energy and azimuthal angle dependencies of these reflec…
The bending modulus of individual carbon nanotubes from aligned arrays grown by pyrolysis was measured by in situ electromechanical resonance in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The bending modulus of nanotubes with point defects was approximately 30 GPa and that of nanotubes with volume defect was 2-3 GPa. The…
The liquid-gas spinodal and the glass transition define ultimate boundaries beyond which substances cannot exist as (stable or metastable) liquids. The relation between these limits is analyzed via computer simulations of a model liquid. The results obtained indicate that the liquid-gas spinodal and the glass transiti…
The dynamic-mechanical response of flexible polymer networks is studied in the framework of tube model, in the limit of small affine deformations, using the approach based on Rayleighian dissipation function. The dynamic complex modulus G* is calculated from the analysis of a network strand relaxation to the new equil…
Extremely delocalized π-electronic systems are found in triply linked, fused porphyrins, which are formed by the oxidation of diporphyrins [Eq. (1)]. Stronger electronic interaction is observed in the triply linked diporphyrins, as evidenced by intensified and red-shifted Q bands and by lower one-electron oxidation po…
Compton scattering is one of the few spectroscopies which directly probes the ground state momentum density in materials. Recent progress in synchrotron light sources has brought a renewed interest in the technique as a tool for investigating fermiology related issues on the one hand, and as a unique window on hithert…
Dynamics of bending of NaCl whisker is studied with use of high speed camera VFU-1 synchronized with high power electron accelerator GIN-600. The dynamics of bending turns to be non-monotonous and quite complicated. The figures of etching of whisker after bombardment by electron beam are analysed, thin polygonization…
Numerical integration of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with thermal fluctuations is used to study the dynamic response of single-domain nanomagnets to rapid changes in the applied magnetic field. The simulation can resolve magnetization patterns within nanomagnets and uses the Fast Multipole method to calculate…
This article summarizes basic principles and recent progress in the field of cascade-branched polymers. Methods for the preparation of macromolecules with hyperbranched structures are presented and compared concerning the extent of control over molecular weights and polydispersity. Step-growth and recently developed c…
A multiplex electronic switch on the molecular level has been realized by using a tetranuclear FeII complex of the [2×2] grid type. The four metal ions can be switched stepwise between their high-spin and low-spin states by temperature, pressure, and light, thus representing a triple level, triple switch system as ill…
Effective stiffness properties ( D ) of nanosized structural elements such as plates and beams differ from those predicted by standard continuum mechanics ( D c ). These differences ( D - D c )/ D c depend on the size of the structural element. A simple model is constructed to predict this size dependence of the effec…
A special model of a thin transmission grating used to couple infrared radiation to electronic excitations in quantum wells is examined. The grating is viewed as a periodic array of two-dimensional (2D) conducting strips separated by completely open apertures. The 2D conductivity across each strip has a semielliptic p…
Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in ternary 1,4-dioxane + 1-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 1,4-dioxane + 2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 1,4-dioxane + 1-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 1,4-dioxane + 2-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and 1,4-dioxane + 2-methyl-1-propanol + 2,…
To determine crude fibre (CF), NDF, ADF and ADL, the conventional technique (CT), using filter crucibles, was compared with the filter bag technique (FBT). The mean CF content of 56 forages and concentrates was slightly, but significantly lower (PO.001) with FBT than with CT (144 vs 138 g kg" 1 DM). The two techniques…
The influence of capillary condensation of water at the atomic force microscope tip and boron carbide film surface on the friction forces and wear of the films is studied by force microscopy. It is shown that friction and wear are strongly dependent on the humidity. At low humidity no wear at the film surface is verif…
We determine the thermal expansion coefficient of a fluorinated poly(arylene ether) low-k dielectric film using Fourier analysis of x-ray reflectivity data. The approach is similar to that used in Fourier analysis of x-ray absorption fine structure. The analysis compares two similar samples, or the same sample as an e…
Transient trapping/detrapping of electrons at the Si(100)/SiO2 outer surface is studied studied in vacuum or with an O2 ambient (between 10−3 and 30 Torr) following internal electron photoemission from Si. Photoemission-current (produced by a 150 fs, 800 nm laser source) and contact-potential-difference techniques wer…
The formation of many oxides with unpredictable structures can be attributed to a balance between stable and unstable compositions. A surprising number of the members of the Ln 4 Cu 3 MoO 12 and Ln‘ 2 Ln‘ ‘ 2 Cu 3 MoO 12 (Ln = La−Nd, Sm−Lu) families form, all crystallizing in a hexagonal structure similar to that of Y…