Materials Literature
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Consolidation experiments conducted on special prepregs made of constant viscosity oils and aligned graphite fibers are reported. Measurements of the deformation behavior of the fibers in the "drained" state (oil impregnated, but zero pressure in the oil) reveal that, to a first approximation, the fiber network can be…
Current transients resulting from metastable pitting events on stainless steel at potentials below the pitting potential are studied. Metastable pits are covered during growth and exhibit a constant current density. Rupture of the cover during metastable growth leads to repassivation of the pit. If a salt film precipi…
A general method for computing the hydrodynamic interactions among N suspended particles, under the condition of vanishingly small particle Reynolds number, is presented. The method accounts for both near-field lubrication effects and the dominant many-body interactions. The many-body hydrodynamic interactions reprodu…
The light trapping properties of textured optical sheets have become of recent interest in photovoltaic energy conversion since light trapping allows a significant reduction in the thickness of active solar cell material. Previous analyses have concentrated on sheets with randomly textured (Lambertian) surfaces. The t…
The effect of composition fluctuations on the microphase separation transition in diblock copolymers is investigated. Such fluctuation corrections, which were neglected in the mean field treatment of Leibler, are found to be significant for the molecular weights usually encountered. The analysis is facilitated by redu…
The authors report measurements of the ultraviolet absorption ascribed to single-substitutional nitrogen in diamond; it is suggested that the ultraviolet absorption arises due to electric dipole transitions localised at three different defects. Uniaxial stress measurements for lines at 4.059 and 4.567 eV occurring at…
Recrystallization solvent effects on second harmonic generation (SHG) of acetylene derivatives are reported. SHG intensities of substituted diphenylacetylene recrystallized from strong polar solvents are enhanced in crystalline states.
A saturated bilayer of hydrogen isotopes has been formed in graphite by implanting protons and deuterons at different energies. Residual gas analysis during thermal desorption strongly suggests that hydrogen atoms recombine locally in the bulk of the damaged material and diffuse to the surface in molecular form. This…
<italic>The Electronic Structure and Chemistry of Solids</italic> shows how the electronic structures and properties of solids can be described in terms familiar to chemists. Recent years have seen a considerable growth of interest in chemical aspects of the electronic structure of solids. The first three chapters giv…
During a controlled mercerization of ramie cellulose, the cellulose I crystal structure is irreversibly converted to cellulose II through several crystalline alkali-cellulose complexes. The crystal structures of three of the complexes -- Na-celluloses I, IIB, and IV -- are providing information on the characteristics…
The hypothesis that all native celluloses are composites of two crystalline allomorphs, Iα and Iβ, is further explored using solid state 13 C NMR techniques. Spectra of several algal and higher plant celluloses and the effects of acid hydrolysis and mechanical beating are investigated. No significant alteration of the…
An investigation to study molecular orientation and polymorphy in cellulose fibers, and to further assign the bands in the vibrational spectrum of cellulose was conducted utilizing the Raman microprobe. The microprobe allows spectra to be recorded from domains as small as 1 micrometer and thereby greatly increases the…
The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the magnetization and susceptibility of single-crystal decamethylferrocenium tetracyanoethenide (DMeFc TCNE) demonstrate that this material is the first molecular compound with a ferromagnetic ground state. A spontaneous magnetization is observed for T<4.8 K. The res…
Cahn's scheme for simulating the morphology of isotropic spinodal decomposition is adapted to a mathematical model of bicontinuous partitioning of space by interfacial pairs that may be useful for problems of microdispersed and microporous systems distinguished by a morphology with a well defined length scale, includi…
A natural single crystal of zircon, ZrSiO(4,) from Sri Lanka exhibited zonation due to alpha-decay damage. The zones vary in thickness on a scale from one to hundreds of micrometers. The uranium and thorium concentrations vary from zone to zone such that the alpha-decay dose is between 0.2 x 10(16) and 0.8 x 10(16) al…
This book introduces the reader to methods of selecting materials for engineering applications. With the rapid growth in the variety of manufacturing materials available, the choice of the optimum material for an engineering design is of increasing importance and difficulty. Materials have to be chosen that satisfy se…
We describe the linear and nonlinear properties of a new polymer composite, which uses a ferroelectric PVDF copolymer host in which an optically nonlinear low-molecularweight guest is dissolved and subsequently aligned using a room-temperature poling process. We have measured the frequency-doubling coefficient d33 of…
The disadvantage of electrodeposited Cu2O films on opaque substrates regarding the measurement of their transmittance and optical absorption coefficient is overcome by a successful and reliable procedure of transferring the films onto glass slides. The method can be applied to other electrodeposited films. An accurate…
We investigate how the initial formation of an oxide layer on a metal surface can effect the further incorporation of oxygen into the metal. In particular, we show that the formation of NbO on a Nb surface dramatically increases the potential barrier for oxygen incorporation. On Cu the formation of an oxide layer redu…
The formation of hydroxyl due to reaction of a silica glass made by the modified chemical vapor deposition process with hydrogen has been studied for temperatures between 200 and 900 °C. The glass is treated under 1 atm of hydrogen, which diffuses into and reacts with the glass. For treatment temperatures between 900…