Materials Literature
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We have studied crystallization in poly(ethylene oxide) droplets with volumes ranging over several orders of magnitude. In all samples, homogeneous nucleation is observed, scaling with the volume of the droplet, down to systems with as few as approximately 10 polymer chains. Surprisingly, nucleation is unaffected by t…
A series of MgAl hydrotalcites (HTs) were synthesized by a sol−gel procedure with ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol as solvents. Particular attention was paid to controlling hydrolysis reactions by means of using a substoichiometric H 2 O/Al molar ratio equal to 1. The sol−gel HTs were characterized by means of therm…
By comparing data on a variety of examples, an empirical correlation for the photoelastic response of simple metal oxides is discovered and used to predict new families of zero-stress optic glasses. The birefringence induced by uniaxial stress on glass is found to correlate well with the ratio of the metal oxygen bond…
The energetic stability of diamond (100) surfaces, as a function of degree of hydrogen- and oxygen-related termination, has been studied theoretically using ab initio density functional theory. The results show that an exchange of hydrogen adsorbates with hydroxyl groups is slightly disfavored, whereas a corresponding…
Abstract The microwave‐assisted statistical copolymerization of 2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline with 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline or 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline is discussed in this contribution. Kinetic studies of these statistical copolymerizations as well as reactivity ratio determinations were performed to investigate the monomer distributi…
Iron(II) triazolate coordination polymers with lipophilic sulfonate counterions with alkyl chains of different lengths have been synthesized. In hydrocarbon solvents, these polymers formed a physical gel and showed a thermoreversible spin transition upon the sol-gel phase transition. The formation of a hydrogen-bondin…
Quantum chemical studies of the dissociative adsorption mechanisms and kinetics of OH x ( x = 1, 2) on graphite (0001) surface models were carried out with emphasis on the influence of surface defects. Finite-size model systems for Stone−Wales type ( SW ), mono- ( 1V ), and divacancy ( 2V ) defects are studied in addi…
By using angle-resolved colloidal lithography and O2-plasma etched bilayers of hexagonally packed spheres as templates, we succeeded in fabrication of highly ordered binary arrays of gold nanoparticles with varied shapes, for instance, with a shuttlecock-like shape composed of a small crescent-shaped nanoparticle and…
Trivalent rare-earth (RE = La, Pr, Nd, Y)-doped Ce x Zr 1- x O 2 ( x = 0.4−0.6) solid solutions were synthesized via a urea hydrolysis-based hydrothermal method, followed by calcination at 1000 °C for 100 h. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) tests for the Ce LIII edge determine that the chemical valence…
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can be catabolized by many microorganisms using intra- or extracellular PHA depolymerases. Most of our current knowledge of these intracellular enzyme-coding genes comes from the analysis of short chain length PHA depolymerases, whereas medium chain length PHA (mcl-PHA) intracellular depol…
Abstract The in situ grafting‐from approach via atom transfer radical polymerization was successfully applied to polystyrene, poly(styrene‐ co ‐acrylonitrile), and polyacrylonitrile grafted onto the convex surfaces of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with (2‐hydroxyethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate) as an initiator. Therm…
Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) mixed solutions were successfully electrospun into micro-or nanofibrous polymer mats. The fiber diameter was in the range 100nm-6μm. The effect of the concentration of the spinning solutions and the ratio of PLLA/PEG on the fiber diameter and morphology was investigated…
There are many variables to be considered in studying how cells interact with 3D scaffolds used in tissue engineering. In this study we investigated the influence of the fiber diameter and interfiber spaces of 3D electrospun fiber scaffolds on the behavior of human dermal fibroblasts. Fibers of two dissimilar model ma…
Our previous studies have demonstrated the applicability of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers as a platform for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs both in vitro and in vivo. To monitor the rate and extent of cell-killing caused by the delivered chemotherapeutic drug, we wished to analyze the degree of a…
Silk is an attractive biomaterial for use in tissue engineering applications because of its slow degradation, excellent mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. In this report, we demonstrate a simple method to cast patterned films directly from silk fibroin dissolved in an ionic liquid. The films cast from the si…
On site Raman analyses were performed at the Musée national de Céramique, Sèvres, France, on rare Iznik (former Nicaea) pottery produced from ~1480 to ~1620. A comparison is made with a series of shards. The town of production of these potteries was highly disputed in the 80's and many questions still remain. The pote…
The presence of dynamical heterogeneities, i.e. nanometer-scale regions containing molecules rearranging cooperatively at very different rates compared to the bulk, is increasingly being recognized as crucial in our understanding of the glass transition, from the non-exponential nature of relaxation, to the divergence…
Ultrathin gold films prepared by evaporation of sub-percolation layers (typically up to 10 nm nominal thickness) onto transparent substrates form arrays of well-defined metal islands. Such films display a characteristic surface plasmon (SP) absorption band, conveniently measured by transmission spectroscopy. The SP ba…
Thin films of a nearly symmetric lamellae-forming diblock copolymer of poly(styrene- b -methyl methacrylate) (PS- b -PMMA) having a bulk repeat period, L O, were directed to assemble vertically away from chemically nanopatterned striped substrates (having a periodicity L S ) that consisted of alternating stripes that…
The electronic and optical properties of self-assembled InN/GaN quantum dots (QDs) are investigated by means of a tight-binding model combined with configuration interaction calculations. Tight-binding single particle wave functions are used as a basis for computing Coulomb and dipole matrix elements. Within this fram…