Materials Literature
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One synthesis of N-alkyl-N′-(4-acylphenyl)piperazines and their physical properties have been studied using calorimetric, optical, and X-ray crystallographic methods. The compounds exhibit only smectic phases, the higher-temperature phase being a probable smectic B. The lower-temperature smectic is uniaxial but relati…
The interfacial interaction of an ethylene-acrylic acid-t-butyl acrylate (EAA) terpolymer with metals (mild steel) has been studied by spectroscopic techniques (XPS, AES, and IR), SEM, and mechanical testing. Using peel tests it was shown that the copolymerization of small quantities of acrylic acid and t-butyl acryla…
Permeation rates of tritium and hydrogen through iron were measured by the electrochemical method in which an aqueous solution containing 3.7×1012 Bq/m3 tritium was used as a cathodic electrolyte. Tritium and hydrogen were introduced from one side of a specimen by cathodic polarization with a constant current density,…
The use of amorphous ferromagnetic materials for the magnetic circuits of distribution transformers could reduce the losses associated with iron cores and result in substantial economic savings to utilities. The value of such savings obviously depends on the loss evaluation. Optimization calculations show that this va…
All-film type power capacitors with folded electrode foil have been developed and was clarified to have an excellent electric properties and also a reliable lifetime of more than 30 years in service field. According to the electric field calculation, the folded foil can reduce the electric field at the electrode edge…
The X-ray diffraction patterns from second-stage rubidium–graphite, C24Rb, have been measured at high resolution in the basal plane for samples made from oriented, exfoliated graphite. The pattern at 5 K has been indexed on the basis of both a simple static distortion wave and a √43 ×√43 superlattice consisting of nea…
This paper reports a study of the effect of accelerated heat ageing in air on the fracture toughness of two uPVC pipes. The pipes were extruded at 179°C and 195°C respectively and curved fracture toughness specimens were aged at temperatures between 100 and 140°C. After testing at a crosshead rate of 1 mm/min, a simil…
Austenitic stainless steels are not generally thought to undergo ductile-to-brittle transitions as the temperature is lowered to 77 K or to be susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. However, some austenitic steels do undergo a classic ductile-to-brittle transition, and are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement even at…
The uniaxial mechanical behavior of shape memory alloys is studied from the phenomenological point of view in the process of stress-induced martensitic transformation or of its reverse transformation. The phenomenological interpretation of the fraction of phase, which is identified as the internal state variable in th…
Treatment of protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (12) with benzoyl peroxide affords a mixture of the four isomeric meso-benzoyloxy derivatives (13). These have been separated by h.p.l.c. and distinguished from each other by hydrolysis to the corresponding oxophlorins (oxyporphyrins), insertion of iron to form the oxyhaem…
A thermally stimulated current measurement using a temperature gradient (TG–TSC measurement) has been applied to the study of dipolar depolarization in polymers. TG–TSC in the initial rise region has been theoretically analyzed and the effect of a temperature gradient has been clarified. The theoretical relation betwe…
The interdiffusion coefficient and the ratio of the intrinsic diffusivities with respect to the mole fixed frame of reference in Ag–Cd alloys have been determined by taking the volume change effects into account. The interdiffusivities obtained in this work are in good agreement with those obtained by previous workers…
A direct simulation method of macrosegregation in ingots has been proposed, where the flow due to liquid density change by temperature and concentration variation during solidification and due to solidification contraction was postulated to be laminar and darcy flows in the liquid and the solid-liquid coexisting (mush…
The effect of MoO3 addition on the phase separation of sodium borosilicate glasses has been studied by electron microscopic observation and electrical conductivity measurement. With increasing MoO3 addition, the immiscibility temperatures rose, the growth rate of phase separation increased, and the immiscibility regio…
Measurements of long-term dimensional stability on test samples of the glass ceramic "Zerodur", published earlier, are interpreted as a consequence of a diffusion process in the amorphous areas of the glass ceramic. The time-functions derived on the basis of this model can be fitted to the observed length variations w…
Multilayer Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) sol-gel films with molar formula BaxSr1-xTiO3 (x = 0.5, 0.7 and 0.8) are deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. The surface morphology and grain size are characterized via Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), showing the films to be uniform and crack-free
The lateral motion of 180-degree domain walls in ferroelectrics is considered. The motion is realized by the thermofluctuational nucleation and subsequent spreading of the reverse domain nucleuses on the domain wall. The energy and the velocity of the lateral walls of nucleus for different orientations, energies and d…
Whereas irradiation of a mixture of a naphthol (or its methyl ether) and acetylacetone with excitation of the naphthol component leads to no reaction, irradiation of a similar mixture with excitation of the acetylacetone component leads to its cycloaddition to the naphthalene derivative to give a cyclobutane as the pr…
Although plasticity of metals is complicated due to the string-like nature of its elementary units, the dislocations, it is currently tried to understand various stability aspects of plasticity. Of special interest are the dislocation distributions after cyclic loading ("fatigue"). Well developed periodic patterns are…
An annealed-and-aged ferritic steel containing fine NbC precipitates and relatively coarse particles of Laves phase was bombarded with 4-MeV iron ions to 100 displacements per atom (dpa) at 400 to 600°C. Much of the damage structure consisted of dislocation tangles that coarsened with increasing temperature. Cavity fo…