Materials Literature
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Changes in fabric structure as hygroscopic fibers swell at high humidities can have a large influence on the measured air permeability of fabrics such as cotton, wool, silk, and nylon. The variation of air permeability as a function of relative humidity is of practical importance in ranking and evaluating candidate te…
The contributions of transformation toughening and microcrack toughening in an 85Al 2 O 3 15ZrO 2 (vol%) composite were quantitatively evaluated. Three types of hot‐pressed samples with similar size (∼0.5 µm) and size distribution of ZrO 2 grains, but with different contents (vol%) of monoclinic‐ ( m ‐) ZrO 2 (0 (AZS)…
First-principles calculations based on the generalized gradient corrected density-functional theory reveal that iron tetraoxide $({\mathrm{FeO}}_{4}),$ in spite of its closed-shell structure, has an electron affinity that is larger than that of any known halogen atom. This novel property is shown to be a manifestation…
The complex dielectric permittivity of right-handed isooctyloxycyanobiphenyl (IOOCB) has been studied in the frequency range 10 -1 −10 5 Hz and over a wide temperature range. On cooling the isotropic liquid a supercooled liquid is formed that becomes a glass below 220 K. On heating the glass, the material crystallized…
The conductivity, electronic properties and morphology of polypyrrole and polyaniline films deposited from aqueous solutions of the polymerizing monomer differ greatly according to whether they are deposited on a hydrophobic or hydrophilic substrate surface. For each polymer the conductivity of the film deposited on a…
The rheology of concentrated, aggregated colloidal suspensions is determined through particulate simulations. Aggregating systems experience a large viscous enhancement over nonaggregating systems, this being due to the increase in the component of the viscosity arising from the repulsive colloid (thermodynamic) force…
Abstract A novel nematic liquid crystal display of in‐plane switching controlled by fringe‐field has been developed. The device exhibits wide viewing angle over 160° and high transmittance comparable to the twisted nematic TN cell, a solution for long standing problem of previous wide viewing angle technologies with l…
Duplex stainless steels (DSS) of 25% Cr-7% Ni-x% Mo-y% W-0.25% N (x = 1.5 to 3, and y = 0 to 3) were designed with the same pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) value of 42 by varying the contents of Mo and W. Effects of W on pitting and stress corrosion of the solution-annealed or aged alloys in chlorides were examine…
Abstract A black-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizate was ambiently ground, then used as an additive to the original, uncured compound. Sheets of the resulting composite (matrix/ground rubber particulate) were cured, and tensile and trouser tear strength determined. The composite had reduced tensile stren…
The applications of advanced engineering materials in modern vacuum electronic devices are reviewed. Unique materials with desirable thermal, mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties are playing a crucial role in raising the average power capability, bandwidth, and efficiency of microwave and millimeter wave am…
An efficient method, which is called the "inverse distribution function method", for calculating the magnetic field strength H from the flux density B through the Preisach model is developed. By using the method, H can be directly obtained without iteration from B which is calculated by the usual FEM, with the magneti…
The effects of circular holes and sharp notches on the tensile strength of two Nicalon‐reinforced ceramic composites have been investigated. The influence of inelastic straining on the redistribution of stress has been elucidated through measurements of the local strains in the regions of high stress concentration, co…
Abstract— Fluorescence quantum yields and singlet lifetimes for a wide range of hydrophilic to hydrophobic porphyrins and metalloporphyrins have been determined in toluene, methanol or acetone. Photosensitized singlet oxygen yields have been determined in the same solvents. For some porphyrins, the same quantities wer…
Long- and short-range structural order of nanocrystalline ZnO films grown using single source chemical vapor deposition (SS-CVD) of basic zinc acetate Zn 4 O(CH 3 COO) 6 have been investigated. The addition of a low background pressure of H 2 O during SS-CVD provides a mechanism for varying the structural properties t…
We investigate the optical transmission fingerprints in structures that exhibit deterministic disorders. A class of models that has attracted particular attention in this context are the quasiperiodic dielectric multilayers that obey a substitutional sequence. These substitutional sequence are characterized by the nat…
Using a side-chain mesogenic polymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display (PS-FLCD) cell together with a two-dimensional array of red, green and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a modulated back light unit, we constructed a field sequential fullcolor (FSC) LCD. The PS-FLCD used in this research exhibits…
We report a semiempirical method for the evaluation of bond covalency in complex crystals. This method is the extension of the dielectric description theory delivered by Phillips, Van Vechten, Levine, and Tanaka (PVLT) which is mainly suitable for binary crystals. Our method offers the advantage of applicability to a…
Direct coagulation casting is a novel near‐net‐shape method for forming ceramic green bodies from homogenous high‐solids‐loaded particle suspensions. It is based on the principle of the in situ coagulation of a powder suspension via a reaction‐rate‐controlled internal‐enzyme(urease)‐catalyzed reaction after casting. L…
The evolution of a three-dimensional (3D) grain structure is simulated by a vertex dynamics method. Normal grain growth is simulated and two-dimensional (2D) sections and the 3D structure are analysed and compared with a 2D simulation. It is shown that 2D sections of a 3D structure can be distinguished from a pure 2D…
Amorphous SiO 2 fracture surfaces created under different partial pressures of water vapor ( p H2O ) were analyzed using temperature‐programmed static secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The results were used to develop an atomistic model for the formation of a fracture surface. It was found that substantial reconstructi…