Materials Literature
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ZnGa2O4 having the spinel structure was prepared, and optical and electrical properties of the material were measured. By the measurements of diffuse reflectance spectra, ZnGa2O4 was found to have a wider band gap (∼5 eV) than ITO (indium tin oxide). Electrical conductivity of the H2-annealed ceramic of ZnGa2O4 was 3×…
We report electrical switching of the diffraction efficiency in volume Bragg gratings written holographically in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). Scanning electron microscopy confirms the volume nature of the gratings and shows that they consist of periodic PDLC planes. The diffraction efficiency can be swit…
Abstract A low carbon steel was heat-treated by various processes, so that different microstructures including ferrite + pearlite, bainite, bainite + martensite, martensite, and temper martensite were obtained. These heat-treated specimens were used to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement characteristics by HIC immersi…
Abstract In this paper the history of wrought duplex stainless steel development and applications is described. Ferritic-austenitic stainless steels were introduced only a few decades after stainless steels were developed. The paper gives details from the first duplex stainless steels in the 1930’s to the super duplex…
Abstract During a scale inhibitor squeeze treatment, the dynamics of the inhibitor return is governed by the inhibitor/rock interaction. In the case of adsorption/desorption inhibitor treatments, this interaction is described through the inhibitor/rock adsorption isotherm. The rock mineralogy plays an important role i…
Abstract Carbon dioxide corrosion of carbon steel has been studied as a function of CO2 partial pressure (0.05 to 2.1 MPa), temperature (20, 40 60 and 90 °C), pH (4 to 6) and flow velocity (0.1, 3.1, 8.5, and 13 m/s) under conditions where protective iron carbonate films do not form. The experiments were carried out u…
Distributed irreversible deformation in otherwise brittle ceramics (specifically, in silicon carbide and micaceous glass-ceramic) has been observed in Hertzian contacts. The deformation takes the form of an expanding microcrack damage zone below the contact circle, in place of the usual single propagating macrocrack (…
NOx consists primarily of NO and NO2 which are produced in all combustion processes by the oxidation of N2 and fuel bound nitrogen. NO2 is linked to causing bronchitis, pneumonia, susceptibility to viral infection, and alterations to the immune system. also contributes to acid rain, urban smog, and ozone (1). Figure 1…
Abstract Since Bueche, Graessley, Onogi, etc., advanced the concept of macromolecular entanglements, the subject has been studied extensively. So far, there are two kinds of methods of measuring the entanglements in a polymer system: One is the measurement of viscosity or other related properties of polymer fluids, ei…
Abstract The interfacial adhesion strength of metallized polyimide (BPDA/ODA/PDA) has been studied with respect to polyimide surface molecular structure, reactions during electroless nickel deposition, baking, copper electroplating, and thickness of polyimide film. Each factor is discussed in terms of its influence on…
Abstract The melting and crystallization behavior of blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been investigated. The component polymers in the blend exhibited separate crystallization peaks and overlapping melting peaks. The nonisothermal DSC scans indicated that the crystall…
Abstract Copolymers of fluorinated polyimides and 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) have been prepared as films and composite laminates. The addition of BPDA was used as a means to achieve insolubility, making the polymers suitable as aircraft matrix resins. Glass transition temperatures, thermooxid…
Abstract Degradation is an essential factor in polymer biocompatibility. The physiological environment of the human body can be aggressive to polymers. Most implanted polymers suffer degradation and the kinetics and mechanisms of the processes can be significantly affected by various biologically active species, espec…
Abstract The measurement of physical properties of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) of NR–HDPE blends have been made at various compositions of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). The tensile properties and hardness of TPNR improve significantly with the addition of liquid natural rubber (LNR) to the blend. The degre…
The absolute stereochemical courses of cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme (MLE;EC 5.5.1.1) from Trichosporon cutaneum (TcMLE) and chloromuconate cycloisomerase (MLE II; EC 5.5.1.7) from Pseudomonas sp B13 have been determined from 1H NMR measurements. Both cycloisomerases convert cis,cis-muconate to (4S)-muconolacton…
Evidence for efficient non-radiative energy transfer between erbium ions in Cs 2 NaErCl 6 is provided by excitation and luminescence spectra and luminescence lifetimes. In one of the cross relaxation schemes the excitation of the 4 F 3/2 level is transferred almost exclusively to the 4 F 9/2 level in the 50-300 K temp…
Domainlike antiferromagnetic correlations are detected by SQUID measurements of the low-frequency susceptibility in the metamagnet ${\mathrm{FeCl}}_{2}$ when exposed to an axial magnetic field H at temperatures ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$(H)\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$. A distinct chang…
The topology of liquid Ge y Se 1-y (0<or=y<or=1) alloys, at the compositions y=0.33, 0.4, 0.5 and 1, is studied using neutron diffraction to measure the Bhatia-Thornton number-number partial structure factor S NN (kr 1 ), where k and r 1 are, respectively, the scattering vector and nearest-neighbour distance in real s…
We have investigated the role of surface H in Si(001) homoepitaxy using in situ medium energy ion scattering and time-of-flight H recoil detection. The addition of submonolayer coverages of atomic H produce relatively modest effects on epitaxy for ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{g}}$\ensuremath{\le}200 \ifmmode^\circ\else\text…
We report dielectric measurements of the orientationally disordered crystalline phase of cyclo-octanol over the frequency range 1.3 mHz--5.5 kHz. The data show that cyclo-octanol exhibits a slow relaxation that is indistinguishable in every respect from that exhibited by a supercooled liquid near its glass transition.…