Materials Literature
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Abstract Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polypropylene (PET/PP) blends of different compositions were extruded through a 2‐mm capillary die using a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The extrudates were cryogenically fractured and examined using scanning electron microscopy. The viscosity ratio of the constituent polymers a…
The synthesis of a polyphenylene dendrimer carrying three perylenemonoimide dyes as well as one biotin group is presented. Due to the hydrophobic polyphenylene scaffold, this dendrimer is insoluble in water thus preventing investigations in aqueous media. However, the use of an appropriate detergent results in the for…
Abstract The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(propylene) (PP), PP–organic‐montmorillonite (Org‐MMT) composite, and PP–PP‐grafted maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MAH)–Org‐MMT nanocomposites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at various cooling rates. Avrami analysis modified by Jeziorny a…
Single crystals of calcite exhibiting a morphology of well-defined 8-armed stars, which evolved from original rhombohedral calcite crystals with their 8 points extending radially into eight arms, were produced by crystallization of CaCO3 in agarose gels.
Slow formation of J-type helical aggregates occurs when the simple achiral zinc octaethylporphyrin interacts with enantiopure 1-cyclohexylethylamines in the solid state. These chiral solid-state aggregates exhibit a high degree of optical activity and are remarkably stable, as evidenced in the circular dichroism spect…
The transformation of gibbsite to boehmite in strongly caustic solutions was studied using quantitative X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Under hydrothermal conditions, we identified two transformation mechanisms: (1) dehydration and in situ nu…
This paper reports a structural study of 3 and 10 monolayer (ML) thick NiO films grown on Ag(001). Polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ni K edge allowed us to obtain an accurate description of the local atomic environment of the Ni atoms up to the seventh coordination shell, including the deter…
Copper and manganese were found to be two concordant partners in the synthesis of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde from p-cresol; under mild conditions, this research realised 95.6% selectivity for p-hydroxybenzaldehyde at 98.5% conversion of p-cresol.
From results of first-principles all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave calculations, a materials design of half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductors based on V- and Cr-doped BeTe is proposed. Without the need of n- or p-type doping, the stability of the ferromagnetic spin configuration versus th…
A single electron can be trapped by a triply coordinated single cation at a magnesium oxide surface (see picture). The resulting center, denoted MgOcorner(H+/e−), is a member of a new family of surface color centers and represents a significant advance for the concept of electron-trapping sites in solids.
After the exploratory studies of the 1980s, anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) is now a mature technique to disentangle complex subjects in materials science: this is illustrated through selected examples.
Highly ordered mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid silica thin films with covalently bonded, positively chargeable -NH2 terminal groups were synthesized by evaporation induced self-assembly of tetraethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, and a nonionic surfactant under acid conditions and characterized using TEM,…
Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of low density polyethylene (LDPE) content in linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) on the crystallinity and strain hardening of LDPE / LLDPE blends. Three different linear low density polyethylenes (LL‐1, LL‐2 and LL‐3) and low density polyethylenes…
Abstract Bismaleimide (BMI) resins with good thermal stability, fire resistance, low water absorption, and good retention of mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, especially in hot/wet environments, have attracted more attention in the electronic and aerospace industries. However, their relatively high diele…
Small-angle light scattering and ultra small-angle X-ray scattering are used to assess the morphology of single-walled (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). For MWNTs, a power-law scattered-intensity profile with a slope of –1.08 is consistent with the rod-like morphology. For SWNTs, however, scattering p…
Abstract Die Natur nutzt die Selbstorganisation weicher Materialien auf vielfache Weise, um Zellmembranen, Biopolymerfasern oder Viren aufzubauen. Auch der Mensch ist seit kurzem in der Lage, Materialien im Nanomaßstab zu entwickeln, entweder durch Steuerung auf atomarer oder molekularer Ebene (Top‐Down) oder durch Se…
The La 10 - x (GeO 4 ) 6 O 3 - 1.5 x (9.33 ≤ 10 − x ≤ 10) apatite series has been synthesized and single phases have been obtained in a narrow compositional range (9.52 ≤ 10 − x ≤ 9.75). The apatites' phases are hexagonal (space group (s.g.) P 6 3 / m ) for 9.52 ≤ 10 − x ≤ 9.60 and triclinic (s.g. P1̄) for 9.66≤ 10 −…
Abstract A one‐way analysis of variance and thermal analysis were performed in this study to examine the influences of the contents, types (exothermic vs. endothermic), and forms (pure vs. masterbatch) of chemical foaming agents (CFAs), as well as the use of coupling agents, on the density reduction (or void fraction)…
Since the early days of small-angle scattering (SAS), this technique has been used to characterize the structure of solid materials on the nanometer scale. Some recent developments in this field will be reviewed, focusing on alloys, ceramics and (nano-) composite materials. The large field of SAS from polymeric system…
Substrate and nanotube polarization are shown to change qualitatively a nanotube bandstructure. The effect is studied in a linear approximation in an external potential which causes the changes. A work function difference between the nanotube and gold surface is estimated to be large enough to break the band symmetry…