Materials Literature
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The microstructure and the Ms temperature were systematically investigated for three types of Ti–Ni–Nb shape memory alloys, Ti50−x⁄2Ni50−x⁄2Nbx, Ti50Ni50−xNbx and Ti50−xNi50Nbx covering a wide composition range, by utilizing optical microscopy, SEM, EPMA, X-ray diffraction and DSC. Consequently, the following results…
A series of H3PW12O40–SiO2 catalysts with various polyanion contents (ranging from 13 to 87 wt%) were studied by 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy; two peaks were detected, one corresponding to the bulk H3PW12O40 and the other to (SiOH2+)(H2PW12O40–).
Abstract Four different silica modifications—thermally grown SiO 2 , quartz glass, silicalite and silica gel—have been investigated by XPS. Binding energies for Si 2p, Si 2s and O 1s were obtained by employing different methods of static charge referencing. In any case, a C 1s references was used as usual. In another…
The diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–VIS) of bulk and silica-supported CeO2(⩽1.10% Ce) are presented. Very small supported cerium oxide particles (10–15 Å) are obtained, which exhibit distinct spectral features assigned to surface cerium oxygen species.
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Mg2Si1−xGex Solid Solution Semiconductors were prepared in the composition range 0.0≤x≤0.4. At a composition x=0.4, effects of impurities were investigated for dopants of Sb and Ag. Carrier concentrations were controlled up to 1.5×1026 electrons/m3 and 5.5×1025 holes/m3 by doping Sb and Ag, respectively. The thermal c…
A review of the corona charging of polymers is presented. After providing a brief account of the corona discharge process and of its application for charging materials, the paper focuses on the evolution of corona triodes that allow the sample surface potential to be monitored during the charging process. Particular e…
Abstract Two series of experiments on well‐characterized systems were performed to examine the probing depth of soft x‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measured in total‐electron‐yield (TEY) mode. First we measured the Ni 2 p 3/2 absorption spectra of Ni(100) covered with Tb as a function of the overlayer thickness.…
Parameters controlling intrinsic stability and reactivity of organosilanols generated from alkoxysilanes in aqueous environments have been elucidated in several experiments. Data involving kinetics, equilibrium, phase separation, and bonding studies of alkyl and organofunctional alkoxysilanes are presented. The studie…
One of the most useful characteristics of synchrotron radiation is the wide spectral distribution of the source. For applications involving tuned monochromatic beams it is often helpful to predict the x-ray optical characteristics of a sample or the beam line optics at a particular wavelength. In contrast to this desi…
Whilst the dislocation core structure was investigated in the early days of the dislocation theory, the importance of core effects for understanding the basic features of plastic behaviour was first recognized in the case of bcc metals. At this time the first extensive computer modelling studies of dislocation cores w…
Palladium–alumina catalysts prepared from various precursors and by different preparation methods have been studied after calcination by O2 and reduction by H2, using IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO, EPR and diffuse reflectance measurements. In addition to Pd2+ ions, the unreduced samples contain Pd3+ and Pd+ species.…
Generally, aromatic amines are regarded as effective inhibitors for pickling and acid cleaning of mild steel in hydrochloric acid. Most previous studies advocate the view that the inhibition is a result of adsorption of the π-electron cloud of the aromatic ring on the iron and steel surface through vacant dπ orbital o…
This paper reports a study of the spontaneous precipitation of calcium carbonate from aqueous solutions which are very supersaturated with respect to calcite, both in the absence of inhibitors, and in the presence of triphosphate as inhibitors. The sequence of events during precipitation is governed strongly by the in…
The point defect model for steady‐state passive films formed anodically on metals in aqueous environments has been extended to include irreversible dissolution of the film and the irreversible generation and annihilation of cation and oxygen vacancies at the metal/film and film/solution interfaces. The model yields a…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMutual solubilities: water-ketones, water-ethers, and water-gasoline-alcoholsRichard M. StephensonCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1992, 37, 1, 80–95Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pub…
Composite tubes can be reinforced with continuous fibers. When such tubes are subjected to crushing loads, the response is complex and depends on interaction between the different mechanisms that control the crushing process. The modes of crush ing and their controlling mechanisms are described. Also, the resulting cr…
1,2-Bis(2-methylbenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)perfluorocylopentenes undergo thermally irreversible photochromic reactions in which colouration/decolouration cycles can be repeated more than 104 times without significant loss of performance.
The isomorphous substitution of Si by Ti in the zeolite Beta framework by direct hydrothermal synthesis gives rise to useful catalysts for the selective oxidation of small and large organic compounds.
A review of the literature is presented for the hydrolysis of alkoxysilane esters and for the condensation of silanols in solution or with surfaces. Studies using mono-, di-, and trifunctional silane esters and silanols with different alkyl substituents are used to discuss the steric and electronic effects of alkyl su…