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The different forms of superficial alteration that appear on the stones of the Oviedo Cathedral are described and localed, in this part of the paper. The more common phenomena of deterioration of the monument are also defined, stressing on the crusts.
We present the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the two-dimensional Lennard-Jones system. The energy, pressure, structure factor, elastic constants, and $〈{u}^{2}〉$ have been computed at several temperatures along three isochores. In addition, we have studied the distribution of disclinations and dislocations on…
Abstract The broad charge heterogeneity typical of nearly all smectites is not necessarily characteristic of vermiculites. In addition to vermiculites with pronounced heterogeneity, minerals with no or only limited charge heterogeneities are known. Layer charge and charge heterogeneity of 25 vermiculites were determin…
The reproducibility of the pulsed ultrasound technique for the determination of skin thickness was investigated, using two independent observers. No systematic difference was found and a high correlation was obtained. Studies were also undertaken to validate the pulsed ultrasound technique as a measure of true skin th…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical effects of ultrasound on aqueous solutions. Evidence for hydroxyl and hydrogen free radicals (.cntdot.OH and .cntdot.H) by spin trappingKeisuke Makino, Magdi M. Mossoba, and Peter RieszCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 12, 3537–3539Publication Date (Print):Jun…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamics of interfacial electron-transfer processes in colloidal semiconductor systemsDuonghong Dung, Jeremy Ramsden, and Michael GraetzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 11, 2977–2985Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002P…
Experimental results and model ideas on the structural organisation of different forms of condensed carbon are critically reviewed from the standpoint of polymer science. Stress is laid on the role of chemical bonds between molecules (branching points) and of lamellar and other supermolecular formations in the multi-s…
Co-doped LEC InP was studied using resistivity and Hall measurements, thermal and optical capacitance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and PL-excitation (PLE) techniques. The derived activation energy for n-type conduction is about 0.50 eV in semiinsulating InP:Co samples of resistivity 10 6 to 10 7 Omega cm. The…
Almost 15 years have passed since carbynes entered the literature as new forms of elemental carbon. They recently attracted attention as possible interstellar dust constituents and as carriers of presolar noble gases in meteorites. Their existence and that of the related mineral chaoite are questioned, and a reevaluat…
The epidermis of live human skin has a permanent electric dipole moment perpendicular to its surface. Voltage responses to a rapid change of temperature are pyroeletric, while voltage responses to pressure pulses are piezoelectric in nature. The time course of the responses depends on dX/dt (X, temperature or pressure…
It is shown that the linearity of a piezoelectric ceramic actuator may be greatly improved if the applied electric charge, rather than the applied voltage, is varied to control the extension. Hysteresis is virtually eliminated.
Several elastic constants of the perovskite-type layer-structure compound (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 FeCl 4 have been measured. The anomaly of the C 66 mode and the lambda -type heat capacity near the structural phase transition from the tetragonal high-temperature phase to the orthorhombic room-temperature phase gave the critica…
Observations of stable, freely suspended liquid-crystal strands are reported. Liquid crystals of triphenylene hexa-$n$-dodecanoate can be stretched into strands of diameter \ensuremath{\gtrsim}1 \ensuremath{\mu}m, with the disk-shaped molecules arranged into columns along the strand axis. In the $D1$ phase ($T<110\…
The reversible change of oxygen content observed by gravimetric measurements on tantalum (donor)-doped calcium titanate between P02 = 10−16 and 1 atm is proportional to the dopant concentration. These measurements indicate that the tantalum addition is compensated by additional oxygen uptake in the oxidized state. The…
The thermoelectric tensor component S11 and the relative electrical resistance along the binary axis of Bi2Te3 single crystals of p- and n-type are measured under hydrostatic pressure up to 9 GaP and temperatures from 20 to 300 °C. A P-T phase diagram of bismuth telluride is proposed, which is different from diagram,…
A computer simulation study is made on the atomic structure of {1121} twin boundary using a truncated Lennard-Jones potential. It is found that twinned crystals never satisfy the mirror symmetry: in the twin, the alternate basal plane sare displaced by a √3/12 normal to the plane of shear in the opposite direction and…
Thin epitaxial films of CuI have been grown on clean Cu(111) surfaces by chemical reaction with iodine vapor. A lattice match is obtained because the iodine (111) planes of CuI have the same symmetry and approximately the same spacing as the (√3×√3)R30° iodine adsorbate layer which forms initially on exposure of clean…
The vacuum ultraviolet reflectance spectrum of crystalline and vitreous Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ has been measured at low temperature. We find only minor differences between the room-temperature and 5-K spectra of both crystalline and vitreous Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. These observations impose restrictions on the models to e…
We have measured the resistance, magnetoresistance, and nonlinear conductivity in a series of tetramethyltetraselenofulvalinium phosphorus hexafluoride [${(\mathrm{TMTSF})}_{2}$P${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$] crystals which have been damaged with 2.5-MeV protons. For radiation dosages which correspond to \ensuremath{\sim}400-ppm…