Materials Literature
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From our investigations of natural composite materials such as abalone shell and bone we have learned the following. (1) Nature is frugal with resources: it uses just a few per cent glue, by weight, to glue together composite materials. (2) Nature does not avoid voids. (3) Nature makes optimized glues with sacrificial…
The adsorption of flexible collagen I triple helices with lengths of 8 nm in aqueous solution on a partially hydroxylated rutile layer (pH = 7.4) is modelled by classical molecular dynamics simulation with trajectories of up to 5 ns lengths. The carboxyl groups of glutamic and aspartic acids form hydrogen bonds with s…
Morphologies and bridging properties of graft copolymers in the bulk state were studied by using a real-space algorithm of self-consistent field theory in two dimensions. The phase transition from cylindrical to lamellar phase can be triggered by changing the position of graft points and the number of branches. The fr…
What you have and what you get are not necessarily the same: for example, solid enantiomerically enriched proline provides solutions of constant ee, 99 % in CHCl3 and 50 % in DMSO. The Highlight discusses recent papers that give insight into the behavior of enantioenriched proline under heterogeneous conditions which…
Like many secreted proteases, subtilisin is kinetically stable in the mature form but unable to fold without assistance from its prodomain. The existence of high kinetic barriers to folding challenges many widely accepted ideas, namely, the thermodynamic determination of native structure and the sufficiency of thermod…
Abstract Three homologous series of orthoconic (45 degree tilt) antiferroelectric liquid crystals containing either naphthyl or terphenyl groups as mesogenic unit have been synthesized and their mesomorphic behaviour investigated by DSC and polarized light microscopy, and their properties discussed. X-ray diffraction…
Simultaneous adsorption of NO and SO 2 on activated carbon provides an adequate alternative to control the low concentration emissions of these air pollutants. The surface complexes formed during the NO and SO 2 adsorptions at 30 °C were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed deso…
The adsorption of water in the mesoporous silica material with cylindrical pores of uniform diameter, Controlled Pore Glass 10-75 (CPG), was studied by 1 H-MAS solid state NMR spectroscopy. From the NMR spectra it is evident that inside the mesopores of the silica different water environments exist, which are characte…
Instead of using expensive alloys to construct a tank or processing vessel, it is often more economical to use a less expensive metal, such as carbon steel, and install a lining to provide protection from corrosion. Corrosion of Linings and Coatings: Cathodic and Inhibitor Protection and Corrosion Monitoring offers fo…
The crystal structures of the dimer form of copper(II) tetraphenylporphyrin N-oxide, [Cu(tpp-N-O)]2 (3-dimer), and zinc(II) tetraphenylporphyrin N-oxide, [Zn(tpp-N-O)]2 (4-dimer), were established. The geometry at the copper ion in 3-dimer is essentially square-pyramidal with one oxygen bridge [O(1A)] occupying the ap…
We discuss the interaction of proteins dissolved in aqueous solution with spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB). The SPB consist of a solid core particle of colloidal dimensions ( ca. 100 nm in diameter) onto which long polyelectrolyte chains have been grafted. Immersed in aqueous solution of proteins these SPB will…
The recent increase in the applications of ultrasound for benign environmental remediation, chemical and materials synthesis, and biological processes presents an urgent need to optimize the sonochemical process to reduce the cost of operation and make it economically attractive for large-scale applications. This pape…
Structural and magnetic properties of $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ nanoparticles annealed at 200 and $250\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ have been studied by using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron e…
The production of stray currents by DC-transit systems leads to the corrosion of nearby buried metallic structures, such as pipelines and cable sheaths. The paper details the corrosion performance of a DC transit system with a floating return rail, for a number of different soil-resistivity structures: uniform, horizo…
We investigate nonlinear transmission in a layered structure consisting of a slab of positive index material with Kerr-type nonlinearity and a subwavelength layer of linear negative index material (NIM) sandwiched between semi-infinite linear dielectrics. We find that a thin layer of NIM leads to significant changes i…
The adsorption of water molecules on a stoichiometric CeO2(111) surface at room temperature is studied with dynamic scanning force microscopy. Atomic resolution imaging reveals spontaneous adsorption as well as deposition of molecules by the tip of the force microscope. Water molecules localize exclusively on one type…
We have designed and synthesized four compounds integrating luminescent and photochromic components in their molecular skeletons. Two of them combine a nitrospiropyran photochrome with either one or two naphthalene fluorophores and can be prepared in three synthetic steps. The other two consist of a nitrospiropyran ph…
Substrate-free bismuth nanofilms with an average thickness of 0.6 nm (sigma = +/-14.1%) and monodisperse layered Bi nanorhombuses with an average edge length of 21.5 nm (sigma = +/-14.7%) and thickness of 0.9 nm (sigma = +/-25.8%) have been successively synthesized by structure-controlling solventless thermolysis from…
We describe the development of an atom-based Monte Carlo simulation model which gives rise to a nanoscale polar domain structure as envisaged to occur in $\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Zn}}_{1∕3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2∕3}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (PZN) and similar relaxor ferroelectric materials. Individual domains are essentially thin plat…
We show that hemispherical gold droplets on top of silicon nanowires when grown by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism, can produce a significant enhancement of Raman scattered signals. Signal enhancement for a few or even just single gold droplets is demonstrated by analyzing the enhanced Raman signature of malach…