Materials Literature
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For discrete actuation with shape memory alloy (SMA) wires, the actuation moment can be controlled by changing the amount of wire offset. Increasing offset not only enhances the actuating moment, but also demands larger displacement capability of the actuator. In this paper, large deflection of a cantilever beam actua…
Resonant leaky modes can be induced on dielectric, semiconductor, and metallic periodic layers patterned in one or two dimensions. Potential applications include bandpass and bandstop filters, laser mirrors, ultrasensitive biosensors, absorption enhancement in solar cells, security devices, tunable filters, nanoelectr…
Optical, electrical and structural properties of argon (Ar) ion-irradiated buckypapers of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) at various doses prepared by a vacuum filtration method were investigated. It was found that the direct current (DC) conductivity and absorption spectra in the visible range were decreased wit…
Efficient emission at 1.38 mum wavelength from holmium (Ho(3+))-doped low-phonon-energy gallate bismuth lead (GBL) oxide glasses, owing to the Ho(3+): ((5)S(2),(5)F(4))-->(5)I(5) transition, was observed, and the stimulated emission cross section was calculated to be 2.4x10(-21) cm(2). Population inversions between th…
Abstract The solubility and diffusivity of several gases in polystyrene (PS) and styrene acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) were studied with the pressure decay method. Data were collected for carbon dioxide, isobutane, and 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (R‐134a) in PS and for R‐134a in SAN. The temperature range was between 30…
Abstract To be able to give safe recommendations concerning the choice of suitable stainless steel grades for pipelines to be buried in various soil environments, a large research programme, including field exposures of test specimens buried in soil in Sweden and in France, has been performed. Resistance against exter…
Proteins form the basis of a wide range of biological materials such as hair, skin, bone, spider silk, or cells, which play an important role in providing key functions to biological systems. The focus of this article is to discuss how protein materials are capable of balancing multiple, seemingly incompatible propert…
The physicochemical properties and combustion characteristics of model soot (i.e., Printex U) and diesel particulates with different origins were compared. Their elemental composition and structures were determined using several kinds of techniques including element analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray fluoresc…
We report the synthesis and characterization of BaTiO 3 (BT)‐based high dielectric compositions that are promising for Y5V‐type multilayer ceramic capacitors. A solid solution with a nominal composition (1− x )BaTiO 3 – x Ba(Cu 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 (BCN) ( x =0, 0.025) was synthesized by conventional mixed oxide route, fol…
A model for the pressure−temperature behavior of the coil−globule transition (CGT) of a polymer in dilute solution is developed without adjustable parameters. The predicted pressure−temperature conformational behavior semiquantitatively correlates with extant experimental data. The model yields a heating induced coil-…
Photoconduction properties of silicon rich oxide (SRO) thin films were studied under different illumination conditions. In the past, Al/SRO/Si structures showed a high photocurrent in spite of the fact that an opaque Al layer was on the active area. In order to elucidate this observation, new Al/SRO/Si structures were…
Using the discrete dipole approximation method, we demonstrated enhanced absorption efficiencies, which are close to 100%, at tunable wavelengths in a two-layer silver thin film. The film is composed of a 100 nm thick perforated layer facing the incident light and a 100 nm thick solid layer. Resonance wavelengths are…
Abstract Thermoplastic molding has been prepared from beech wood flour steamed at 180°C or at higher temperatures without any additives. It exhibited a smooth and lustrous surface and had a high density of approximately 1.45 g cm -3 . The internal structure of molding revealed that the flour particles were completely…
Abstract Galvanic anodic protection (GAP) of stainless steels by doped polypyrrole (PPy) was investigated using chemically synthesized PPy. Separate PPy powder‐pressed electrodes with different surface areas were prepared. Electrochemical properties of PPy electrodes were studied by open circuit potentials (OCPs) and…
Abstract Blend films containing two types of starch, various amounts of methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and polylactide were prepared. The effects of MDI level and starch type on the tensile, thermal, and morphological properties of these films were investigated. The MDI amount was varied from 0 to 10 wt % on th…
Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to study the conformations, and response to added salt, of a polyelectrolyte layer grafted to the interfaces of well-defined gold nanoparticles. The polyelectrolyte layer is prepared at a constant coverage by grafting thiol-functionalized polystyrene (M(w) = 53k) to…
Abstract Thermally conductive polystyrene (PS)/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) nanocomposites was prepared through a simple solution‐evaporation method assisted by ultrasonic irradiation. To enhance the dispersion of MWNTs in PS, MWNTs were chemically functionalized with poly(styrene‐ co ‐maleic anhydride) (SMA)…
Three rare examples of extended inorganic materials possessing a cationic charge on the host have been successfully synthesized hydrothermally. The first structure consists of two-dimensional lead fluoride [Pb 9 F 16 ] 2+ sheets with perchlorate anions occupying the interlayer space. The material is a higher symmetry…
Abstract With urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resin as walls and capsaicin as core substances, microcapsules were prepared based on in situ polymerization process. The morphology and size distribution of the microcapsules were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser particle size analyzer, and scanning elect…
The lack of adequately predictive atomistic empirical models precludes meaningful simulations for many materials systems. We describe advances in the development of a hybrid, population based optimization strategy intended for the automated development of material specific interatomic potentials. We compare two strate…