Materials Literature
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An overview is given of theory and experiments on liquid crystal phases which appear in solutions of elongated colloidal particles or stiff polymers. The Onsager (1949) virial theory for the isotropic-nematic transition of thin rodlike particles is treated comprehensively along with extensions to polydisperse solution…
This paper presents an overview of duplex stainless steels (DSS) with particular emphasis on super DSS, i.e. steels containing sufficient amounts of chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen to produce a pitting resistance equivalent greater than 40. Duplex stainless steels have an attractive combination of mechanical and co…
In a comprehensive study, the modified embedded-atom method is extended to a variety of cubic materials and impurities. In this extension, all functions are analytic and computationally simple. The basic equations of the method are developed and applied to 26 elements: ten fcc, ten bcc, three diamond cubic, and three…
The purpose of our study was to compare the therapeutic effects of doxorubicin in 3 different formulations: (1) in PBS, (2) in conventional liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylglycerol/egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/dl-alpha tocopherol, and (3) in sterically stabilized, long-circulating "Stealth" liposomes comp…
Conventional evaporation as well as IAD and IBS processes were used to develop low-loss dielectric mirrors and antireflection coatings for the wavelength range 130 to 250 nm. First, single layers of SiO<SUB>2</SUB>, Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, HfO<SUB>2</SUB>, AlF<SUB>3</SUB>, MgF<SUB>2</SUB>, LaF<SUB>3</SUB>, NdF<SU…
Abstract The morphology of the molluscan shell microstructure cross-lamellar structure (XLM) was studied by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of a variety of species (Patella vulgata, Littorina littorea, L. nigrolineata, L. obtusata, L. saxatilis, Oliva sayana, Conus litteratus, C. magus, Pomatias elega…
The anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) method using Zn and Fe K-absorption edges has been applied to a structural study of amorphous zinc-ferrite film (1.4 mu m in thickness) grown on a silicate glass substrate. The possible atomic arrangements in near-neighbour regions of amorphous zinc-ferrite films were estimated by…
A few possible structural models of n-diamond, which is a modified form of diamond quenched from shock-compressed graphite, are proposed on the basis of observed electron diffraction patterns. From the structural relationship and transition mechanism, the most favored structure is composed of hexagonal-ring-planes mod…
The modulus and phase of the complex third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi}${\mathrm{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}}^{(3)}$(-3\ensuremath{\omega};\ensuremath{\omega},\ensuremath{\omega},\ensuremath{\omega}) have been measured on an all-trans silicon polymer, poly(dihexylsilane), over a…
Electrical resistivities of heavily doped polyacetylene and polypyrrole exhibit a wide range of temperature variation as a function of the degree of disorder. Thermal activation behavior is found for the strongly disordered state, while a weak temperature dependence down to the mK region is found for the weakly disord…
Spinodal decomposition in thin films of a blend of deuterated polystyrene and poly(styrene-co-4-bromostyrene) was studied with time-of-flight--elastic-recoil detection and light microscopy. We found different demixing behavior, depending on whether the films were prepared on the oxide layer of a silicon wafer or on a…
Small angle neutron scattering experiments were carried out on a charged stabilized dense colloidal suspension to observe changes in lattice structure as a function of shear rate. It is shown that (1) the lattice will evolve from a crystalline state in equilibrium to a polycrystalline state if subjected to a very low…
A highly sensitive photodetector was made with a metal-porous silicon junction. The spectral response was measured for the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1.075 μm. It was demonstrated that close to unity quantum efficiency could be obtained in the wavelength range of 630–900 nm without any antireflective coating. The…
Abstract Hydroxypropyl cellulose films were cast from liquid crystalline solutions with a crosslinking agent. The solubility test and the optical measurements of the resultant films were performed. The tensile, dynamic mechanical, and creep properties of the films were determined. The data of solubility in water deter…
Abstract The shear viscosity of blend solutions of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and ethyl cellulose (EC) in m ‐cresol (both HPC/ m ‐cresol and EC/ m ‐cresol systems form lyotropic liquid crystals) was determined by cone‐plate‐type and capillary‐type viscometers. The textures for the same systems at rest and undergoin…
Abstract Intrinsic viscosity of several nylon 66 polymers in the molecular weight range 25,000–105,000 was measured in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). The experimentally measured viscosity was compared with the data obtained by least‐squares fit of the classical equations of Huggins and Kraemer. The utility of the singl…
Abstract The microporous polypropylene sheets were prepared by biaxially stretching polypropylene sheets containing CaCO 3 filler (particle size, 0.08–3.0 μm), when the CaCO 3 filler content was 59% by weight and the stretching ratio was 2.8 × 1.8. The microstructure of the sheets were investigated in relation to the…
Abstract This paper presents an investigation of the properties of composites of bacteria‐produced polyesters reinforced with wood cellulose. Although cellulose fibers improved the strength and stiffness of the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), the samples were very brittle. The impact strength and elongation at break of the…
Electrochromic properties of V2O5-TiO2 thin films prepared by a spin-coating method were strongly dependent on the film compositions and heat-treatment temperatures. It was found that the nearly amorphous film of V2O5-TiO2 (3:7 in molar ratio) heat-treated at 400 °C showed coloration to reddish brown when polarized at…
We report a quasielastic light scattering measurement of the isotropic-nematic phase transition of a liquid crystal in silica gel. The normalized intensity autocorrelation function, ${G}_{2}(t)$, which samples the order-parameter fluctuations, is consistent with the form ${G}_{2}(x)\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{1}{(1+{x}^{2}…