Materials Literature
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We present in situ scanning electron microscope electromigration measurements on fine-grained gold nanowires. The grain size of 20–40 nm is much smaller than the wire width of . Electrical breakdown occurs in a slit-like manner, which has been observed commonly for bamboo-like or single-crystalline wires. Furthermore,…
Surface conductivity (SC) has been demonstrated to be a valuable parameter for the characterization of surface-bound polyelectrolyte layers (PLs). The measurement of the SC in dependence of the pH and solution concentration yields information about the Donnan potential, PsiD, the intrinsic charge, the potential of the…
Phosphor nanoparticles (e.g., SrTiO 3 :Pr,Al and (Y,Gd) 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce) were prepared using a conventional spray pyrolysis method in conjunction with a polymer‐assisted heat treatment (annealing). The effects of spray/annealing temperatures, polymer type, polymer concentration, and salt addition on the morphology, cr…
A large Er 3+ –Yb 3+ co-doped yttrium calcium oxoborate [Er 3+ :Yb 3+ :Ca 4 YO(BO 3 ) 3 , abbreviated as Er:Yb:YCOB] single crystal, with dimensions of 2.5 cm in diameter and 9.0 cm in length, has been grown along the crystallographic b axis by the Czochralski method. X-ray powder diffraction results show that the as-…
Phase diagrams for potassium and sodium chlorides are determined by molecular dynamics and free energy calculations. Two rigid-ion interaction models, namely, the Born-Mayer-Huggins (BMH) and Michielsen-Woerlee-Graaf (MWG) effective pair potentials, have been used. The critical and triple point properties are discusse…
The full details of the asymmetric epoxidation of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters catalyzed by yttrium complexes with biaryldiol ligands are described. An yttrium-biphenyldiol catalyst, generated from Y(OiPr)3-biphenyldiol ligand-triphenylarsine oxide (1:1:1), is suitable for the epoxidation of various alpha,beta-unsatu…
The extraction of useful information from recorded diffraction patterns from non-crystalline materials is non-trivial and is not a well defined operation. Unlike protein crystallography where one expects to see well behaved diffraction spots in predictable positions defined by standard space groups, the diffraction pa…
By using combinations of multiple protein powder diffraction patterns obtained from an image plate to a d -spacing of 2 Å, which differ by solvent-induced and radiation-damage-induced lattice strains, the powder overlap problem is partially resolved in a stereochemically restrained Rietveld refinement. The results for…
Fine β‐sialon (Si 6− z Al z O z N 8− z , 1< z <4) was prepared by mechanical‐activated combustion synthesis (CS) using raw materials such as Si, Al, and SiO 2 in a nitriding atmosphere of 1 MPa. Mechanical activation by planetary milling for only 18 min led to the formation of β‐sialon after combustion synthesis…
The two-dimensional self-assembly at the air/water (A/W) interface of two dendrimer-like copolymers based on polystyrene and poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PS-b-PtBA) or poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) was investigated through surface pressure measurements (isotherms, isochores, and compression-expansion hysteresis experime…
A poly(ethylene oxide)- block -polystyrene (PEO- b -PS) diblock copolymer with number-average molecular weights of 7.7k g/mol for the PS block and 21.4k g/mol for the PEO block was used to study the PEO crystal orientation changes at different crystallization temperatures ( T x ) via small- and wide-angle X-ray scatte…
We used site-selective and element-specific resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) to study the electronic structure and the electron interaction effects in the molecular magnet $[{\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}{(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O})}_{16}{({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O})}_{4}]…
The structural phase transition from aragonite to calcite in biogenic samples extracted from the skeletons of selected scleractinian corals has been studied by synchrotron radiation diffraction. Biogenic aragonite samples were extracted en bloc without pulverization from two ecologically different scleractinian taxa:…
The structures of the alpha, beta and gamma polymorphs of quinacridone (Pigment Violet 19) were predicted using Polymorph Predictor software in combination with X-ray powder diffraction patterns of limited quality. After generation and energy minimization of the possible structures, their powder patterns were compared…
Poly(3hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB))/Bioglass(®) composites incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been successfully prepared by the solvent casting technique. The microstructure, electrical properties and bioactivity of the composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffracti…
As a result of repeating carbon nanotube Y junctions periodically, super honeycomb structures have recently been proposed. In this paper, the mechanical properties of these structures are investigated by using the shell model of the finite element method. The study shows that the super honeycomb structures have great…
The direct current electrical conductivity of ternary 40TeO2–(60−x)V2O5–xMoO3 glasses prepared by press-melt quenching technique was studied at temperatures between 90 and 403 K. From the conductivity–temperature relation, it was found that the small polaron hopping (SPH) model was applicable at the temperature above…
A remarkable progress towards functional ferromagnetic semiconductor materials for spintronics has been achieved in $p$-type (Ga,Mn)As. Robust hole-mediated ferromagnetism has, however, been observed also in other III-V hosts such as antimonides, GaP, or (Al,Ga)As, which opens a wide area of possibilities for optimizi…
Ferroelectric glass–ceramics, with a basic composition (1− y )(Ba 0.70 Sr 0.30 )TiO 3 ‐ y (B 2 O 3 – x SiO 2 ), were synthesized by sol–gel method. The major crystalline phase is the perovskite, which exhibited volume nucleation. The formation of the crystalline phase, particle size, morphology, kinetics, and mechanis…
Recently, a new family of piezoelectric perovskite materials based on the solid solution (1− x )BiScO 3 – x PbTiO 3 was developed. This system was found to have a Curie temperature higher than 450°C and excellent piezoelectric properties near the MPB composition. Niobium, as a donor dopant in the piezoelectric system…