Materials Literature
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Flow was created in freely suspended liquid crystal films (FSLCFs) in the smectic-C phase using gradients in the surface tension to drive the motion. The director field was distorted into a pattern of vortices which wind upon themselves while a temperature gradient was applied. A dependence of the pattern in the direc…
Equilibrium two-body correlations in liquids composed of deformable molecules are formulated with use of the density-functional theory and the interaction site formalism. As applications, we study two model systems, liquid nitrogen and simplified liquid n butane, in which each molecule has two stable bond lengths. The…
Abstract This paper discusses theory and experiments on nonisothermal foam growth during foam sheet formation in an extrusion process. The extruded foam sheet expands and cools simultaneously when exposed to ambient temperature. A viscoelastic cell model in the literature was modified to include heat transfer and gas…
The dynamical behavior of microemulsion and sponge phases is studied with a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model. The model has been shown previously to capture many of the essential static properties of these systems. Using a field-theoretic perturbation theory, we calculate the frequency-dependent (complex) viscosit…
Abstract The cation exchange capacities (CEC) and extractable cations in smectite, corrensite and palagonitized glass from hydrothermally-altered pillow lavas and hyaloclastite breccias were measured by both bulk wet chemical and in situ microanalytical techniques. Smectite has CEC's between 60 and 120 meq/100 g, pala…
Abstract Within the past 20 years, particle size analysis with laser diffraction (LD) has been subject to rapid development, extending the size range stepwise from 1–200 μm to about 0.1–3500 μm. The limits of LD are discussed in terms of light sources, the influence of the beam diameter, special Fourier optics and a n…
PVdC and aluminium foil (or aluminium metallization) have traditionally been used as flexible high barrier materials in the design of packages for perishable foodstuffs. During recent years new polymers, treatments and coatings have been developed and are presently considered as alternative materials in the design of…
The bcc-based Heusler alloys exhibit a series of order-disorder phase transitions as a function of temperature. The high-temperature phase is a disordered bcc solid solution, and the low-temperature phase is the Heusler structure. An intermediate ordered phase is also typically observed in real systems. A prototype cl…
We report ion channeling investigations in crystalline colossal magnetoresistance films of ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.7}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.7}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.3}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.3}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$. The measured full width at half…
Abstract Wesselsite, SrCu[Si 4 O 10 ], is a new mineral species from the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa, and it belongs to the gillespite group. Wesselsite is tetragonal, space group P 4/ ncc ; the unit cell parameters, refined from Gandolfi film data, are a = 7.366(1), c = 15.574(3) Å V = 845.01…
The effect of solvent on the kinetics of the alkaline depolymerisation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been investigated. The process was found to be first-order with respect to hydroxide ion concentration, and the activation energy for the reaction in water was found to be 69 ± 13 kJ mol−1 (95% confidence l…
A new method is described for determining the composition of a mixture of disulfides, trisulfides, and tetrasulfides by cyclic voltammetry. Oxidation potentials of the three species are generally well separated and become more positive when the sulfur chain increases in length. Results are compared with those obtained…
Polyurethane acrylate oligomers (PUA) were prepared by a competitive reaction of 4,4′-dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate (H12MDI) with hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA). Kinetic models were established for noncatalytic and catalytic systems, and the reaction constants were calculate…
The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database containing a total of 209 entries for 128 different materials reported in point group 4 mm , of which eight are for previously known ferroelectrics. Analysis of the remaining entries, assuming the structure determinations reported are correct, leads to the prediction of an addi…
Linseed oil is used in the dual roles of the plasticizer and the fatty acid component of the activator in nitrile rubber vulcanizates. The study shows that the substitution can substantially improve the mechanical properties in addition to other advantages such as increased cure rate, reduced leachability and reduced…
X‐Ray Investigation of Stress States in Materials X‐ray stress analyses of crystalline or partially crystalline materials are based on the determination of elastic lattice strains which are converted to stresses by means of theory of elasticity. The development of the sin 2 Ψ‐method of X‐ray stress analysis and of dif…
Syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structure determinations are recorded for 1 : 1 adducts of lead(II) nitrate with the linear multidentate polyamines ethane-1,2-diamine ('en'(= '2')), H2N(CH2)2NH(CH2)2NH2(' dien ' = '22') and H2N(CH2)xNH(CH2)yNH(CH2)zNH2 ( xyztet = '222tet' (= ' trien '), '232tet', '…
Liottite, ideally [(Na,K)(16)Ca-8][Si18Al18O72](SO4)(5)Cl-4, is the six-layer member of the cancrinite group. The structure of liottite has been refined in space group P (6) over bar to R = 2.7% using single-crystal X-ray-diffraction data. The hexagonal-system cell parameters are a 12.870(1), c 16.096(2) Angstrom. The…
Polyazamacrocyclic chelates of terbium are shown to be useful in diagnostic medical imaging as tissue site-selective markers. Spectroscopic properties and biodistribution are studied for three terbium(III) species: 3,6,9-tris(methylene phosphonic acid n-butyl ester)-3,6,9,15-tetraaza-bicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca-1(15),11,1…
This study compares the test results of the FAST system (fabric assurance by simple testing) with those of the KES-F (Kawabata evaluation system for fabrics) for two series of twenty-two shirting materials in terms of their low-stress fabric mechanical properties of bending, shear, and tensile deformation. The first s…