Materials Literature
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The orientational distribution function of the nematic phase of suspensions of the semiflexible rodlike virus fd is measured by x-ray diffraction as a function of concentration and ionic strength. X-ray diffraction from a single-domain nematic phase of fd is influenced by interparticle correlations at low angle, while…
Adhesion in immiscible, weakly bonded polymeric layered structures is explored. Of particular interest are common commercial polymers used in multilayered packaging materials. Based on the scission of entangled chains at the polymer−polymer interface, a correlation between the critical mechanical energy release rate f…
This paper reports on peculiar metamagnetic transitions which take place in antiferromagnetic, charge and orbitally ordered (AFCOO) manganites. At very low temperatures, the virgin magnetization curves of some of these compounds exhibit several, sharp steps giving rise to a staircase-like shape. This staircase effect…
We present the growth morphology, the long range ordering, and the evolution of the valence band electronic states of ultra-thin films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) deposited on the Au(110)-(1x2) reconstructed surface, as a function of the organic molecule coverage. The Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) pattern…
The quantum transport properties of ultrathin silver nanowires are investigated. For a perfect crystalline nanowire with four atoms per unit cell, three conduction channels are found, corresponding to three s bands crossing the Fermi level. One conductance channel is disrupted by a single-atom defect, either adding or…
We calculate the dynamic structure factor $S(k,\ensuremath{\omega})$ of liquid Ge $(l$-Ge) at temperature $T=1250\mathrm{}\mathrm{K},$ and of amorphous Ge $(a$-Ge) at $T=300\mathrm{K},$ using ab initio molecular dynamics. The electronic energy is computed using density-functional theory, primarily in the generalized g…
We report the independent invention of ferroelectric nanotubes from groups in several countries. Devices have been made with three different materials: lead zirconate-titanate PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT); barium titanate BaTiO3; and strontium bismuth tantalate SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT). Several different deposition techniques have been…
The cubic perovskite-related ceramic ${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ has a very high static dielectric constant ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{0}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10000$ at room temperature (RT), which drops to about 100 below $\ensuremath{\simeq}100\mathrm{K}.$ Substituting Cd for Ca reduces t…
Analysis of experimental data on the structural relaxation time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ in various glass formers revealed its universality at the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ of the mode-coupling theory. In most glass formers studied $\mathrm{ln}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}{(T}_{c})=…
Gold and platinum nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of their salts with potassium bitartrate as the reductant and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG) (for Pt nanoparticles) or 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid (TDPC) as the protective agent. In the presence of PVP or TDPC, the preparatio…
The reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in air has been observed in a silicate matrix for the first time in BaMgSiO4∶Eu prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction. Emission and excitation spectra were employed to detect the presence of Eu2+ ions in the compound and this reduction was explained by a charge compensation mo…
Hydrogenated nanographite can display spontaneous magnetism. Recently, we proposed that hydrogenation of nanographite is able to induce finite magnetization. We have performed theoretical investigation of a graphene ribbon, in which each carbon is bonded to two hydrogen atoms at one edge and to a single hydrogen atom…
Using x-ray absorption and valence-band photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) we investigated the electronic structures of icosahedral (i)-Al70Pd22.5Re7.5 quasicrystals (QCs) with a 4.2 K/300 K resistivity ratio, r, ranging from 8.3 to 107 obtained under various annealing conditions. Our Al K- and Pd L3-edge x-ray absorpti…
Abstract This paper deals with ‘Coalescence Extraction’, in which no intensive mixing is required. It is based on the use of a primary solvent, which, in combination with the feed, forms a homogeneous solution. This homogeneous phase has enormous potential for the treatment of cell fragments and other highly viscous m…
Abstract A reactor for catalytically oxidizing liquid methanol has been developed for supplying heat to an automotive reformer. In the tests presented in this paper we show that it is possible to catalytically combust liquid methanol by dispersing the methanol and air by a nebulizer over the catalysts. In the experime…
Preexposure to molecular oxygen gas, O2,g, can have a strong effect on the nucleation and growth of Ag islands on Ag(100) at 250 K. At this temperature, molecular oxygen dissociates efficiently at kink sites on steps. Subsequent deposition of Ag produces a far lower density of Agad islands than without oxygen. There i…
[reaction: see text] An efficient and highly stereocontrolled approach to the 8,10-dimethyl anti-syn-anti-perhydrophenanthrene carbon skeleton starting with the Wieland-Miescher ketone is described. The approach centers on a Diels-Alder-angular methylation-deoxygenation sequence.
The dielectric properties of Mn-doped ZnO ceramics with electrically active grain boundaries at low temperatures of 10–70 K were investigated by admittance spectroscopy. It was observed that the dielectric relaxation of the main shallow donors, zinc interstitial, in these samples occurred in the temperature range of 2…
Dominant n-type conductivity in sulfur-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamond is observed by Hall-effect measurement. The activation energy is estimated at 0.5–0.75 eV above 600 K. Below 600 K, the carrier concentration deviates from the activation energy, and Hall mobility decreases in comparison with that above 600…
Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, the optical properties of the Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT) thin films with different film thicknesses on platinized silicon substrates prepared by chemical solution methods have been investigated in the 400–1700 nm wavelength range. By fitting the measured ellipsometric parameter (Ψ and Δ…