Materials Literature
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Flooded soil with the addition of Fe-containing slags (1% to soil) was incubated under laboratory conditions. Five commercial slags were used in this study. The slag samples were numbered from I to V in ascending order of acid-soluble Ca content. The pH of the soil solution increased with the increase in the Ca conten…
In order to increase the hydrophilicities, thereby to impart soil resistance and to improve dyeability, poly(ethylene terephatalate) (polyester) fabrics were treated in low‐temperature plasmas. Two alternative modifications were applied. Fabrics were directly treated in acrylic acid plasma in one investigation, while…
Strong and tough glass‐ceramic materials based on the complex chain silicate miserite (KCa 5 open square(Si 2 O 7 )(Si 6 O 15 )F) have been prepared using standard frit sintering and internal nucleation processes. The miserite may be accompanied by crystals of fluorite, cristobalite, xonotlite, a canasite‐like phase,…
In cholesteric liquid crystals with a positive dielectric anisotropy, the relaxation from the electric field-aligned director configuration to the stable zero field director configuration proceeds via a metastable transient planar director configuration which has a pitch distinct from the equilibrium state. The transi…
An Al-Co-Cu vertical phase diagram along the 65 at% Al isopleth was constructed with the aim of growing a single decagonal quasicrystal. The decagonal quasicrystal was formed at 1000°C via a peritectic reaction between a liquid and a cubic Al 55 (Co, Cu) 45 phase. The decagonal quasicrystal crystallized as a primary p…
A third-order aberration theory has been developed for a plane-symmetric double-element optical system that consists of an extended source, two ellipsoidal gratings, and an image plane. The gratings can have any of the groove patterns producible by means of currently available technologies. Analytic formulas of spot d…
Abstract The adsorption of the metachromic dye acridine orange (AO) by Na-beidellite was investigated by visible spectroscopy. Different types of clay-AO association were identified from the appearance and location of absorption bands α or β. The colloidal properties were determined from curves of the absorbance vs .…
Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra near the Si and Ge K-edge for SiO_2 and GeO_2 polymorphs were measured in transmission mode with synchrotron radiation at the Photon Factory, Tsukuba. The local structures and mean-square relative displacements were determined in \alpha-tridymite, \alpha-quartz…
Photoemission electron spectromicroscopy with synchrotron radiation has been used to study the correlation between the chemical surface composition and secondary electron yield from the surface of amorphous carbon films. Regions of about 4 μm diam were found which exhibited up to ten times higher secondary electron em…
Results of the investigations carried out on particulate silver films, deposited at a rate of 0.4 nm s -1 on poly(4-vinylpyridine) coated substrates held at temperatures in the range 440-490 K in a vacuum of 8 × 10 -6 Torr are reported in this paper. A morphological study by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diff…
The inclusion of aza-heterocyclic di- or tri-amines in aromatic polyimide formulations can hinder the formation of high molecular weight products. Model studies using the reactions of pyridine, pyrimidine and triazine polyamines with phthalic anhydride and substituted phthalic anhydrides have shown that the combined d…
The specific heat of a single crystal of the layered perovskite ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1.8}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ has been measured for $83<T<290\mathrm{K}.$ A high, narrow peak associated with the ferromagnetic ordering of the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}{\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}}^{4+}$…
The sintering behavior of synthetic diamond with a grain size of 2‐4 µm was investigated at high pressure and high temperatures (6.5 GPa and 1600°‐1900°C, respectively) in the presence of TiC 0.6 or TiC. No well‐sintered diamond composite was synthesized from a diamond‐TiC powder mixture under the examined conditions;…
From conformational analysis, we have determined the two lowest energy crystal structures for the hard segments of 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate/1,4-butanediol (MDI/BDO)-based polyurethane elastomer. Both crystal forms give prominent X-ray scattering at ∼7.6 Å. In one crystal form, (1), there is strong hydrogen bo…
Both the longitudinal (LA) Brillouin backscattering spectra and dielectric permittivities along the [001] direction have been measured as a function of temperature for relaxor-ferroelectric single-crystal ${(\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{n}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}{)\mathrm{O}}_{3}{)}_{0.905}{(\mathrm{P}\mat…
Solution mechanisms of P in peraluminous glasses and melts in the system CaO-Na 2 O-K 2 O-Al 2 O 3 - SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 have been examined with in-situ microRaman spectroscopy from ambient temperature to near 1200 °C. The principal aim was to examine the relative stabilities of phosphate complexes as functions of P conten…
The viscoelastic behavior of amorphous ethylene–styrene interpolymers (ESIs) was studied in the glass transition region. The creep behavior at temperatures from 15°C below the glass transition temperature (Tg) to Tg was determined for three amorphous ESIs. These three copolymers with 62, 69, and 72 wt % styrene had gl…
An alternative method to incorporate nanometer‐sized silicon carbide (SiC) particles into silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) powder was proposed and investigated experimentally. Novolac‐type phenolic resin was dissolved in ethanol and mixed with Si 3 N 4 powder. After drying and curing, the resin was converted to reactive ca…
: Electron-excited X-ray maps recorded with the scanning electron microscope (SEM)/electron probe X-ray microanalyzer (EPMA) are a major method of presenting compositional information. Digitally recorded maps are processed in a variety of ways to improve the visibility of features. Scaling of the recorded signal to ma…
Abstract A novel ion exchange method of modifying mesoporous material, Al-FSM-16, has been found and applied to preparation of functional Al-FSM-16 containing Co-Salen inside the pores. The method is characterized in that the Co2+ ion exchange, which is followed by chelation with Salen H2, is performed in a nonaqueous…