Materials Literature
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The interaction of oxygen with Al(111) was investigated by STM at temperatures between 350 and 530 K, by annealing an oxygen precovered surface and by adsorption of oxygen on the hot surface. For exposures up to 10 L and temperatures up to 470 K a considerable part of the oxygen exists still in the chemisorbed state,…
The isotropic–nematic phase transition in semiflexible hard chain fluids is investigated via an Onsager type density functional theory. The angle-dependent excluded volume of two chains required in the theory is obtained via Monte Carlo simulations. The theory predicts an isotropic to nematic phase transition at lower…
This book is about the processing, microstructure and properties of materials in fibrous form. The range of fibrous materials covered spans natural polymeric fibres such as silk, synthetic polymeric fibres such as aramid and polyethylene, metallic fibres such as steel and tungsten, and ceramic fibres such as alumina a…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyoxoanion Chemistry Moves toward the Future: From Solids and Solutions to SurfacesWalter G. Klemperer and Craig G. WallView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1998, 98,…
The electronic structure of an infinite 1D array of vertically coupled InAs/GaAs strained quantum dots is calculated using an eight-band strain-dependent k-dot-p Hamiltonian. The coupled dots form a unique quantum wire structure in which the miniband widths and effective masses are controlled by the distance between t…
The many experimental puzzles of solid hydrogen, that seem to defy the generally accepted view of condensed matter, are shown to be a rather straightforward consequence of a new approach to condensed matter physics, that takes into account the coherent electrodynamic processes, predicted by Quantum ElectroDynamics (QE…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous-Phase Electron-Transfer Reactions of Polyoxometalates†I. A. WeinstockView Author Information USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, and the Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Pierce Drive…
A new route to the synthesis of colloidal Au nanoparticles with diameters between 30 and 100 nm is described. On the basis of surface-catalyzed reduction of Au 3+ by NH 2 OH, the approach grows existing nanoparticles into larger particles of a size determined solely by the initial particle diameter and the amount of A…
We report on the radical-chain polymerization of styrene using self-assembled monolayers of azo initiators covalently bound to high surface area silica gels. In this process monolayers of poly(styrene) molecules terminally attached to the surface of the inorganic substrate are obtained. As the initiator molecules are…
A new bismuth oxide sulfate of stoichiometry Bi 14 O 20 (SO 4 ) has been synthesized from thermal treatment of an intimate mixture of α-Bi 2 O 3 and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in the mole ratio 1:0.14, and its structure determined using a combination of electron diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, and neutron powder diffractio…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Nomenclature of Polyoxometalates: How To Connect a Name and a Structure†Yves P. JeanninView Author Information Laboratoire de Chimie des Métaux de Transition, URA-CNRS 419, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France Cite this: Chem.…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPresent General Status of Understanding of Heteropoly Electrolytes and a Tracing of Some Major Highlights in the History of Their ElucidationLouis C. W. Baker and Diana C. GlickView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057 Cit…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyoxometalates: Very Large ClustersNanoscale MagnetsAchim Müller, Frank Peters, Michael T. Pope, and Dante GatteschiView Author Information Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University,…
An analysis of the effects of relative phase changes on the interference pattern formed by the coherent addition of four plane waves is presented. We focus on the configuration in which four plane waves converge at equal angles along two orthogonal planes, an arrangement that is potentially useful for printing arrays…
The evolution of the crystal-melt interface was investigated during directional solidification of a dilute binary alloy, starting at the marginal stability time t(i) at which the planar interface first becomes unstable. The time delay between t(i) and the crossover time t(0) at which the interface modulation becomes o…
The evolution of a dendritic pattern from a planar solid-liquid interface during directional solidification of a binary alloy was investigated experimentally. The model alloy used was the transparent organic crystal succinonitrile doped with the laser dye coumarin 152. The buildup of solute ahead of the initially stab…
The advent of thermostable enzymes has led to great advances in molecular biology, such as the development of PCR and ligase chain reaction. However, isolation of naturally thermostable enzymes has been restricted to those existing in thermophylic bacteria. Here, we show that the disaccharide trehalose enables enzymes…
Free standing InP quantum dots have previously been theoretically and experimentally shown to have a direct band gap across a large range of experimentally accessible sizes. We demonstrate that when these dots are embedded coherently within a GaP barrier material, the effects of quantum confinement in conjunction with…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesigning Dendrimers Based on Transition-Metal Complexes. Light-Harvesting Properties and Predetermined Redox PatternsVincenzo Balzani, Sebastiano Campagna, Gianfranco Denti, Alberto Juris, Scolastica Serroni, and Margherita VenturiView Author Information Dipartimento di Chi…
The variation of the relative permittivity of charged dielectrics with trapped charge density has been investigated by a time-resolved current method, in conjunction with a mirror image method employing a scanning electron microscope. The calculation is made by a mathematical expression derived from classical electrom…