Materials Literature
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We consider a fully practical finite element approximation of an Allen--Cahn/Cahn--Hilliard system with a degenerate mobility and a logarithmic free energy. This system arises in the modeling of phase separation and ordering in binary alloys. In addition to showing well-posedness and stability bounds for our approxima…
This paper reviews the physical structure of plant bast fibres and its effect on the properties of composites containing bast fibre reinforcement. Natural fibres are competitive with glass fibres in many applications but variability in mechanical properties and low toughness can potentially limit their use in high str…
Composition and field-orientation dependence of magnetoelectric (ME) parameters have been investigated in of bulk and multilayer composites. Studies were performed on nickel ferrite--barium lead zirconate titanate (BLZT) and modified nickel ferrite--BLZT. The modification involved the addition of cobalt oxide to the f…
A model of rod-like cholesteric liquid crystals subjected to slow steady simple shear and low frequency small amplitude oscillatory shear flow is formulated and applied to permeation flow, also known as Helfrich permeation flow [Helfrich (1969, 1970)], when the cholesteric helix is oriented along the velocity directio…
The properties of clothing materials critically influence the comfort and performance of the wearer. Clothing is not just a passive cover for the skin: it interacts with and modifies the heat regulating function of the skin, and its effects are modified by the environment. This study investigates the combined effects…
The crystal structure of the new ternary oxalate CdZrK2(C2O4)4·8H2O was solved from single-crystal diffraction data. The crystal data are as follows: tetragonal symmetry, space group I (No. 82), a = 11.216(5), c = 8.954(5) Å, Z = 2. The structure is built from 8-fold coordinated cadmium, zirconium and potassium atoms.…
The morphology of porous layers obtained by electrochemical etching of (100) oriented n-GaAs substrates in an aqueous solution of HCl was studied. At low anodic current densities, up to 5 mA/cm 2 , pores in the form of triangular prisms grew along 〈111〉 crystallographic directions. For larger current densities the sha…
The cylinder-to-gyroid transition in a concentrated solution of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene in dibutyl phthalate has been studied using rheology and small angle X-ray scattering. Following an appropriate temperature quench, the oriented cylinder phase transforms to the gyroid structure epitaxially. Remarkably, an i…
Mesoporous carbonaceous materials with relatively high surface area have been synthesized by a new method composed of in situ polymerization of divinylbenzene in the hydrophobic phase of a hexagonally arrayed micelle/silicate nanocomposite and subsequent carbonization and hydrofluoric acid treatments, while rod-like c…
In PWRs, the Zr-1Nb-O alloy shows a marked enhancement in corrosion resistance in comparison with Zircaloy-4. The aim of this work is to analyze the reasons for these different behaviors and to determine the respective nature of the oxide growth controlling mechanisms under irradiation. Samples taken from Zircaloy-4 i…
Ordered macroporous silica and titania have been prepared using poly[styrene-co-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)] (PS-HEMA) latex arrays as templates. Polystyrene (PS) particles have also been used to template macroporous titania. Arrays of spherical latex particles, with average diameters of 260 nm (PS-HEMA) and 390 nm…
When semiconductor developers noticed in the 1950s that electropolishing of bulk silicon left certain areas rougher than the rest and somewhat porous, they regarded these simply as imperfect areas. It was not until Leigh Canham, a scientist with DERA (the UK’s Defence Evaluation and Research Agency), discovered in 199…
Nanocrystalline ferrite formation by ball milling in Fe–0.89C steels with initial pearlite and spheroidite microstructures and their annealing behaviors have been studied through microstructural observation and microhardness measurement. It was found that nanocrystalline ferrite first forms near the surface of powders…
Time-resolved luminescence spectra of ZnO epitaxial thin films were measured by the optical Kerr gate method in femtosecond time regime under resonant excitation of the excitonic state. We observed the relaxation of hot carriers until the buildup of luminescence due to an electron–hole plasma (EHP) state and recovery…
A thermodynamic description of the Bi–In–Sb ternary system of lead-free solder alloys using the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagram) method is presented. Phase equilibria information such as vertical sections, liquidus projection and thermochemical quantities were calculated and compared with the experimental data.…
An automatic method has been developed with digital image analysis. The method uses background from the fuzz and pills on the textile with an automatically generated Fourier mask. An evaluation feature is calculated from values enclosed in the power spectrum by the Fourier mask. The image analysis evaluation results a…
(CoFeB)-(Si01.9) and CoFeB films were fabricated by synchronous triple RF magnetron sputtering with rotating a cylindrical electrode. Three types films for RF application in the range over 1 GHz were obtained, and these permeability characteristics and micro-structures were investigated.The as-deposited films exhibite…
The biocompatibility and degradation characteristics of cross-linked high amylose starch (Contramid were investigated in rats over 4 months. Contramid pellets (3-mm diameter and thickness) obtained by direct compression, were implanted subcutaneously and intramuscularly. On sequential time points, macroscopic observat…
The nonlinear shear rheology of a hyperbranched polyisobutylene (PIB) with narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn=1.3) was compared to that of a polydisperse (Mw/Mn=2.5) linear PIB. After adjusting the respective measurement temperatures to yield equal shear viscosities, the rheology was found to be quite similar…
Polyamide (nylon 6) fabrics have been treated with tetrafluoromethane low temperature plasma and then dyed with commercially available acid and disperse dyes. The morphology of the treated surfaces has been examined by scanning electron microscopy and chemical surface changes characterised by X‐ray photoelectron spect…