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Tin and solder plating in the semiconductor industry : a technical guide

A.C. Tan1993-01-01Medical Entomology and Zoology

Preface. Acknowledgements. Glossary of terms. Introduction. Basic electroplating. Surface preparation for plating. Plating operation. Plating process control. Plating quality assurance. Corrosion. Properties of tin, lead and tin-lead alloy. Tin plating. Tin-lead alloy plating. Plating quality problems. Chemical analys…

Electrodeposition and Electroless CoatingsMetallurgical and Alloy Processes

Kinetics of steel melting in carbon‐steel alloys

Eckehard Specht、Rudolf Jeschar1993-01-01Steel Research

For the melting of scrap metal in baths with a high carbon content, in which the melting temperature lies below the bath temperature, a model is being developed which is based on the coupling of mass and heat transfer. It will be shown that the mass transport determines the melting rate only for very low bath temperat…

Metallurgical Processes and ThermodynamicsTextile materials and evaluations

XPS Study on the Carbonation Process of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>

Isao Matsushita、Takashi Suzuki、Toshihiro Moriga 等 6 位作者1993-01-01Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan

Intermediates produced in the carbonation process of a Ca(OH)2 slurry were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The molar ratios of CO32- to Ca2+ of the intermediates, determined from the peak areas of Ca2p and Cls of XPS spectra, indicated that the rate of carbonation in the vicinity of the surface was…

Corrosion Behavior and InhibitionDiamond and Carbon-based Materials ResearchIon-surface interactions and analysis

11,11,12,12-Tetracyano-2,6-anthraquinodimethane (TANT) as a novel extensive electron acceptor

Tetsuya Yanagimoto、Kazuo Takimiya、Tetsuo Otsubo 等 4 位作者1993-01-01Journal of the Chemical Society Chemical Communications

The title compound is prepared as a higher homologue in an extensively conjugated series of TCNQ (7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) and TNAP (9,9,10,10-tetracyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane); its complexes with TTT (tetrathiatetracene) and HMTTeF (hexamethylenetetratellurafulvalene) are electrically highly conductive.

Electrochemical Analysis and ApplicationsOrganic and Molecular Conductors ResearchOxidative Organic Chemistry Reactions

Corrosion and Protection of Metals: II. Types of Corrosion and Protection Methods

Frank C. Walsh、Gerry Ottewill、D. Barker1993-01-01Transactions of the IMF

SUMMARYThe term corrosion covers a wide variety of types of surface attack and mechanism. Broadly, these may be subdivided into two categories, those associated mainly with the metal and those with the environment. In this second paper, typical cases of localised corrosion are outlined and are illustrated by examples,…

Corrosion Behavior and InhibitionConcrete Corrosion and Durability

Electrochemistry and catalysis with vitamin B12 hexacarboxylate in an insoluble surfactant film

Chang Ling Miaw、Naifei Hu、James M. Bobbitt 等 6 位作者1993-01-01Langmuir

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry and catalysis with vitamin B12 hexacarboxylate in an insoluble surfactant filmChang Ling Miaw, Naifei Hu, James M. Bobbitt, Zhenkun Ma, Maryam F. Ahmadi, and James F. RuslingCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 1, 315–322Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publi…

Electrochemical sensors and biosensorsPorphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry

On the Development of the Brass‐Type Texture

T. Leffers1993-01-01Texture Stress and Microstructure

It is demonstrated that a number of the conclusions drawn by Singh, Ramaswamy and Suryanaryana (1992) in an investigation of the texture development in rolled austenitic steel are in direct contravention of various recent observations on the texture development in brass by the present author and coworkers. And it is d…

Metallurgy and Material FormingMetallurgy and Material Science

Effects of Mechanical Treatment on X‐ray Diffraction Line Broadening in Pyrophyllite

Pedro José Sánchez-Soto、Manuel Macı́as、José Luı́s Pérez-Rodrı́guez1993-01-01Journal of the American Ceramic Society

When pyrophyllite was subjected to mechanical treatment by dry grinding, the alteration was greater along the c axis of its structure because reflections from basal planes (00 l ) disappeared well before those from nonbasal planes, producing anisotropic X‐ray line broadening observed on grinding. X‐ray analysis showed…

Geological and Geochemical AnalysisSoil and Unsaturated FlowClay minerals and soil interactions

The influence of pretransitional phenomena on blue phase range

R. J. Miller、Helen F. Gleeson1993-01-01Liquid Crystals

The particular phase in which a liquid crystal system will exist is that which has the lowest free energy at a certain temperature. The free energy may depend on variables such as temperature, pressure, chirality, etc. One way in which the stability of a particular thermodynamic phase, relative to its neighbours, woul…

Liquid Crystal Research AdvancementsPhotochromic and Fluorescence ChemistryMolecular spectroscopy and chirality

Wafer Temperature Dependence of the Vapor‐Phase HF Oxide Etch

Man Wong、Mehrdad M. Moslehi、R. A. Bowling1993-01-01Journal of The Electrochemical Society

When HF / H 2 O vapor derived from an azeotropic solution of HF / H 2 O was used to etch various oxides of silicon, the etch rates were found to have qualitatively similar dependence on the wafer temperature. However, the sensitivites of the dependence were found to vary greatly among the different oxides. Consequentl…

Semiconductor materials and devicesThin-Film Transistor TechnologiesSilicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence

Calorimetric Study on Precipitation in Cu&ndash;Be Alloys

Atsushi Yamamoto、Ryoichi Nozato、Takashi Morimoto 等 4 位作者1993-01-01Materials Transactions JIM

The specific heat (Cp) versus temperature (T) curves of aged Cu-7.8 and 9.3 at% Be alloys are measured in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy in order to study the precipitation process from a viewpoint of thermal stability of metastable phases. Heat absorptions due to the re-dissolution of G.P. zones, γ…

Microstructure and mechanical propertiesAluminum Alloy Microstructure PropertiesSolidification and crystal growth phenomena

High Temperature Strength of TiB<sub>2</sub> Ceramics

Jun-ichi MATSUSHITA、Toshiyuki Suzuki、Akira Sano1993-01-01Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan

High temperature strength of pressureless sintered TiB2 with Cr and C additives had been investigated. The bending strength was measured for temperatures between room temperature and 1400°C in air and in argon atmosphere. The bending strength was 385MPa at room temperature and increased from 560MPa at 800°C to 620MPa…

Advanced ceramic materials synthesisAluminum Alloys Composites PropertiesAdvanced materials and composites

Review of φ(ρz) curves in electron probe microanalysis

José A. Riveros、G. Castellano1993-01-01X-Ray Spectrometry

Abstract Several workers have proposed different models for the ionization distribution function ϕ(ρz), involving features related to the interaction of electrons with matter, e.g. ionization cross‐section, stopping power, electron back‐scattering and mass absorption coefficients (MACs). A number of expressions have b…

X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence AnalysisElectron and X-Ray Spectroscopy TechniquesIon-surface interactions and analysis

Effect of pH on the Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate

A. Ramachandran、Michael W. Grutzeck1993-01-01Journal of the American Ceramic Society

The suspension hydration of coarse‐grained (0.07 m 2. g −1 ) tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) in relatively large amounts of water (1 g per 500 mL) was studied as a function of time (up to 48 h), temperature (10°, 25°, and 40°C), and pH (8, 10, 11, 11.5, 12). The pH of the solution was maintained with dilute HCl, and both…

Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and InhibitionMinerals Flotation and Separation TechniquesCrystallization and Solubility Studies

Theoretical investigation of the electronic structure of the mixed-sandwich complex (.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)(.eta.6-benzene)iron and its cation

A. Le Beuze、R. Lissillour、Josh Weber1993-01-01Organometallics

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical investigation of the electronic structure of the mixed-sandwich complex (.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)(.eta.6-benzene)iron and its cationA. Le Beuze, R. Lissillour, and J. WeberCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 1, 47–55Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Public…

Advanced Chemical Physics StudiesMagnetism in coordination complexesPhotochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies

Application of luminescence techniques to probe surface–adsorbate interactions on oxide single crystals

Hicham Idriss、R. M. Andrews、Mark A. Barteau1993-01-01Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Vacuum Surfaces and Films

Luminescence from semiconducting metal–oxide single crystals can provide important insights into the nature of the surface–adsorbate bond. This study examines cathodoluminescence from a zinc oxide single crystal and changes induced by adsorption and reaction of various oxygen-containing reagents on the (0001) Zn-polar…

ZnO doping and propertiesGas Sensing Nanomaterials and SensorsGa2O3 and related materials

Cobalt( II ) triazene 1-oxide bis(chelates). A case of planar (low spin)–tetrahedral (high spin) isomerism

Juliusz A. Wolny、Mikołaj F. Rudolf、Z. Ciunik 等 5 位作者1993-01-01Journal of the Chemical Society Dalton Transactions

High- and low-spin cobalt(II) trizene 1-oxide bis(chelates) have been isolated. The low-spin complexes possess square-planar structure whilst the high-spin complexes are tetrahedral. The molecular structure of high-spin [Co(OMeN3C6H4Me-4)2] has been determined: triclinic, space group P, Z= 2, a= 7.970(5), b= 10.174(5)…

Magnetism in coordination complexesPorphyrin and Phthalocyanine ChemistryLanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes

X‐Ray Study of Strained CdTe Powders

D. B. Sirdeshmukh、K. G. Subhadra、Khalid Hussain 等 5 位作者1993-01-01Crystal Research and Technology

Abstract Lattice strains have been produced in cadmium telluride by grinding for different durations. X‐ray diffractograms have been obtained at different stages of grinding. The lattice constants, particle size, lattice strain and Debye‐Waller factors have been determined. From the correlation between the strain and…

Radiation Shielding Materials AnalysisX-ray Diffraction in CrystallographyOptical Systems and Laser Technology

Synthesis of crystalline zinc ferrite near room temperature

Midori Ueda、Shiro Shimada、Michio Inagaki1993-01-01Journal of Materials Chemistry

Well crystallized zinc ferrite powder has been synthesized from a mixed-metal solution of ZnCl2 and FeCl2 near room temperature. A single phase of zinc ferrite was formed through the so-called green-rust structure containing Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, OH– and Cl– at a temperature range of 30–60 °C, after aging for more than 2…

Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of FerritesNanomaterials for catalytic reactions

Anion movement and carrier type in polypyrrole/dodecyl sulfate

D. A. Chesher、Paul A. Christensen、A. Hamnett1993-01-01Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions

In situ FTIR results are presented for the electrochemical cycling of polypyrrole films containing entrapped sodium dodecyl sulfate, in aqueous sodium perchlorate and aqueous sodium carbonate solutions. In perchlorate solution, the film is oxidised in two stages, involving the formation of polarons and bipolarons; no…

Fuel Cells and Related MaterialsConducting polymers and applicationsAnalytical Chemistry and Sensors