Materials Literature
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Computed Atlas of Surface Topography of proteins (CASTp) provides an online resource for locating, delineating and measuring concave surface regions on three-dimensional structures of proteins. These include pockets located on protein surfaces and voids buried in the interior of proteins. The measurement includes the…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to improve the fuel consumption and control exhaust emissions in a heat insulation engine, fuels reformed CH<sub>4</sub> by CO<sub>2</sub> and steam were used. Porous metal plate coated Li<sub>2</sub>ZrO<sub>3</sub> was used…
The existence of a transient period during the surface enrichment of a binary polymer blend by one of its components has been suggested by previous theoretical and experimental studies as well as computer simulations. Taking advantage of the high depth resolution of neutron reflectivity and the slow dynamics of polyme…
Self-organized pattern formation is observed in bacterial colony growth. The recently reported knotted-branching pattern of the Bacillus circulans colony consists of the trajectories of aggregates which grow, move, and reproduce simultaneously. We modeled these processes by combining a reaction diffusion system of nut…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The high efficiency of the diesel engine has made it the primary propulsion source for truck applications worldwide. In Europe, the penetration of diesel engines in passenger cars is growing rapidly in an effort to meet the stringent CO<sub>2</sub> future emission targ…
We study the rapid collapse of gels formed from strongly aggregating colloidal suspensions. This gravity-driven collapse is associated with the apparition of fractures in the bulk of the gels that provide an easy route to the gel-supernatant interface for the solvent and are the cause for the strong increase of the se…
We compare new experimental x-ray total mass attenuation coefficients of silicon obtained with the x-ray extended-range technique (XERT) from 5 to 20 keV with theoretical calculations and earlier experimental measurements over a 5 to 50 keV energy range. The accuracy of between 0.27% and 0.5% of the XERT data allows u…
In this paper we report on the electronic and magnetotransport properties of two Ti-based ternaries, ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}{\mathrm{AlC}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{4}{\mathrm{AlN}}_{3}.$ In order to determine the effective carrier concentrations and their mobilities, the Hall effect, electrical conductivity, thermoelectric…
We report an investigation of the relaxor ferroelectric PbMg(1/3)Nb(2/3)O3 by combining the external parameter high pressure with x-ray diffuse scattering. The observed total suppression of the relaxor-characteristic x-ray diffuse scattering is unusual and points to important pressure-induced changes in the local orde…
We report a numerical calculation of the elastic constants of the fcc and hcp crystal phases of monodisperse hard-sphere colloids. Surprisingly, some of these elastic constants are very different (up to 20%), even though the free-energy, pressure, and bulk compressibility of the two crystal structures are very nearly…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel particulate filters (DPF), known as traps in the mid-to late 1970s, were being developed for on-highway diesel applications. However, advanced engine design and in-cylinder engineering enabled diesel engines and vehicles to meet extremely low emission limits, including thos…
The electronic structure and bonding in two complex crystals, yttrium oxyorthosilicate ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}$ and yttrium pyrosilicate ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7},$ were studied by means of first-principles local density calculations. Both crystals are ionic insulators with large b…
The two-dimensional momentum density of Be on the basal GMK plane, i.e. the line integral of the three-dimensional momentum density along the c-axis, is reconstructed via the Cormack method from both experimental and theoretical Compton profiles. It is shown that in the case of Be, despite the momentum density is high…
We study the dynamics of an intriguing crossover from a chaotic to a power law state as a function of strain rate within the context of a recently introduced model which reproduces the crossover. While the chaotic regime has a small set of positive Lyapunov exponents, interestingly, the scaling regime has a power law…
We investigate pump induced modulation in the temporal evolution of the excitonic coherent polarization generated by a probe pulse in GaAs multiple quantum wells. For this, we perform fs time resolved pump-probe reflectivity measurements using frequency upconversion at both positive and negative pump-probe delays. A c…
We investigate the combined effect of spin-orbit scattering and electron-electron interactions on the probability distribution of $g$-factors of metal nanoparticles. Using random matrix theory, we find that even a relatively small interaction strength %(ratio of exchange constant $J$ and mean level %spacing $\spacing$…
The magnetic and transport properties of La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}CoO_{3-δ} film grown on a LaAlO_3 substrate by pulsed-laser deposition are studied. The properties are found to be influenced by the magnetic anisotropy and inhomogeneity. Magnetoresistance anisotropy is determined by the shape anisotropy of the magnetization an…
A unified theoretical description of ballistic and diffusive carrier transport in parallel-plane semiconductor structures is developed within the semiclassical model. The approach is based on the introduction of a thermo-ballistic current consisting of carriers which move ballistically in the electric field provided b…
Colloidal suspensions of ferromagnetic nano-particles, so-called ferrofluids, are shown to be suitable systems to demonstrate and investigate thermal ratchet behavior: By rectifying thermal fluctuations, angular momentum is transferred to a resting ferrofluid from an oscillating magnetic field without net rotating com…
We present a theoretical study of (Ga,Mn)(As,C) diluted magnetic semiconductors with high C acceptor density that combines insights from phenomenological model and microscopic approaches. A tight-binding coherent potential approximation is used to describe the electronic structure in the presence of Mn$_{\rm Ga}$ and…