Materials Literature
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Ab initio calculations indicate that the ground state for Ga adsorption on Al (100) is on-surface with local unit coverage. On Ga-coated Al (100), the bridge diffusion barrier for Al is large, but the Al$\rightarrow$Ga {\it exchange barrier is zero}: the ensuing incorporation of randomly deposited Al's into the Ga ove…
A simple analytic model of point-ion electrostatics has been previously proposed in which the magnitude of the net charge q_i on each atom in an ordered or random alloy depends linearly on the number N_i^(1) of unlike neighbors in its first coordination shell. Point charges extracted from recent large supercell (256-4…
The crystal of squaric acid (SQ) shows dielectric property caused by tautomerization coupled with intermolecular proton transfer. We prepared a squaric acid derivative, 1,4-phenylenebis(squaric acid) (PBSQ), and determined its crystal structure. In the unit cell one PBSQ molecule and two water molecules are incorporat…
An X-ray spectrometer which effectively integrates X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction in a single instrument has been developed. The instrument uses same X-ray excitation, sample position, vacuum tank and control systems for both XRF and XRD measurements. It is shown that flexible elemental analysis together wit…
Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) is used as an impact modifier for polypropylene (PP). Hytrel (a polyether ester block copolymer) acts as a compatibiliser for the system. Hytrel modified blends show good improvement in mechanical properties compared to unmodified blends. The modified blends can also accept 20% calcium c…
Surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) displays made of chiral smectic C* liquid crystals often present screening effects generally discussed in terms of the depolarizing field produced by ions attracted close to the electrodes. Here, we analyze the screening properties of distortions in the director…
Magnesium and calcium antimonites, which can coexist with MgO and CaO, respectively, were synthesized by a phase-equilibration technique and identified by X-ray diffraction to be MgSb2O4 and Ca4Sb2O7. To determine the standard Gibbs energies of formation of those antimonites, emf values of the following galvanic cells…
Elementary chemical reactions including volatile (gaseous) fission products, such as iodine and cesium, are analyzed from the first principle, so as to enable us to study the kinetic behavior (non-equilibrium state) of fission products in severe light water reactor accidents without experimental rate constants. Activa…
The temperature dependence of the parameters characterizing the first peak in the S(Q) and S(Q,E=0) diffraction patterns of vitreous boron trioxide is considered in some detail. The analysis of the experimental spectra is aided by results derived from molecular-dynamics simulations, which enable us to isolate the most…
The thickness and wall profiles of twin boundaries are analysed using a novel 7-circle diffractometer. The diffractometer allows the rapid measurement of rocking curves with angular resolution of 0.001° for two orthogonal rocking angles and for the detector position. Position sensitive detectors can be rotated indepen…
The emission decay kinetics and relative quantum yields of exciton luminescence of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$-doped (3%) quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnetic crystals ${\mathrm{CsMnCl}}_{3}$\ensuremath{\cdot}${2\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O have been studied in the temperature range from 4.2 to 77 K. The experimental emission decay…
Two vapotrons from the Joint European Torus (JET) actively cooled divertor design have been fitted by the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute with unidirectional high-conductivity carbon-fiber-composite tiles and have been tested in the JET Neutral Beam Test Bed. The test section showed excellent uniformity and acc…
The density, molar volume, refractive index, molar refractivity, and infrared and XANES spectra of CeO 2 –Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 glasses prepared at 1600° C for 3 h in N 2 have been investigated. The IR reflection data are treated by Kramers-Kronig transformation. Results of IR spectra show that ceria is the network modifier…
We have developed a simple interferometric microscope suitable for in situ observation of crystal growth. The device consists of a light emitting diode (LED) light source, a slightly modified microscope, and a charge coupled device (CCD) camera, all of which are inexpensive and commercially available. In addition to i…
This paper describes a technique developed to measure the uniaxial compressive stress - strain properties of polymers at strain rates appropriate to ballistic and impact events over time scales of tens of microseconds using a crossbow as the projectile launch system. The instrument constructed represents a novel devel…
Perchlorinated derivatives of the common o-diimine chelate ligands 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10- phenanthroline were synthesized and tested for their coordination behavior towards metal ions. Octachloro-1,10-phenanthroline (ocp) was obtained via chlorination with PCl 5 under pressure (300 ° C, 18 h). It fails to form stab…
Abstract Charge trapping effects were studied in bilayers of conducting polymers composed of poly( N ‐methylpyrrole) (PMPy) and polypyrrole (PPy), by comparing redox charges of the polymer [ Q (ox/red)] obtained by integration of cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric curves for single films and bilayers with vari…
Abstract Photocyclization of the substituted 2‐(naphth‐1‐yl)‐3‐(thien‐2‐yl)propenoic acid ( 3 ) in the presence of iodine and air in a benzene‐cyclohexane mixture afforded a separable mixture of three compounds, phenanthro[2,1‐ b ]thiophene‐10‐carboxylic acid ( 4 ), phenanthro[2,1‐ b ]thiothene ( 5 ), and naphtho[1,8‐…
Abstract Based upon long‐term experiences with accelerating ageing tests of polymeric materials and composite insulators, the authors give a contribution to an improvement of the reproducibility and results' validity of the salt‐fog procedure. The following parameters and criteria standardized are critically evaluated…
Cast macrostructure has long been considered an important metallurgical feature in determining the mechanical properties of high-chromium white irons. To explore this relationship, the US Bureau of Mines has looked at a series of high-chromium white irons cast at different superheat temperatures (75 and 250 °C) and th…