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On quantitative relations among crystal structures
A procedure for the quantitative evaluation of structural relationships among crystal structures is introduced based on the concept of mappings represented by pairs of matrices (A, S). Lattice relationships, symmetry relationships, local atomic deviations and mapping failures are distinguished and for each type of rel…
Spectacle lens design: a review
This review considers the present state of the design of spectacle lenses with respect to minimizing the side effects that are associated with their wear. Topics include spherical lens design, aspheric lens design, progressive addition lenses, spectacle lens materials, assumptions of conventional lens design, and prac…
Thermally reversible crosslinking of polystyrene via the furan–maleimide Diels–Alder reaction
Abstract Mixtures of maleimidomethylated polystyrene with difurfuryl adipate or with furfuryl alcohol‐esterified poly[styrene‐co‐(maleic anhydride)] underwent thermally reversible Diels–Alder crosslinking. Reversal of crosslinking occurred rapidly at 150°C. The instability of the furfuryl group, however, limits the pr…
Calculated X‐ray Diffraction Data for Diamond Polytypes
Calculated X‐ray diffraction pattern data for diamond polytypes are presented, which provides the required parameters for the characterization of the proposed diamond polytypes. The literature on diamond polytypes contains some small but significant errors with respect to the details of the crystal structure, includin…
High resolution monochromated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of organic polymers: A comparison between solid state data for organic polymers and gas phase data for small molecules
With the new generation of high energy resolution and high intensity XPS spectrometers now commercially available, several novel aspects of the XPS of organic polymers have become apparent. These include observations on the symmetry and width of core line components, effects resulting from the overlap of shake-up and…
Chiral organosilicon compounds in asymmetric synthesis
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral organosilicon compounds in asymmetric synthesisT. H. Chan and D. WangCite this: Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 5, 995–1006Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00013a012…
Vanadium phosphate (V2(PO4)3): a novel NASICO N-type vanadium phosphate synthesized by oxidative deintercalation of sodium from sodium vanadium phosphate (Na3V2(PO4)3)
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVanadium phosphate (V2(PO4)3): a novel NASICO N-type vanadium phosphate synthesized by oxidative deintercalation of sodium from sodium vanadium phosphate (Na3V2(PO4)3)J. Gopalakrishnan and K. Kasthuri RanganCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 4, 745–747Publication Date (Print):…
Hydrothermal synthesis of tetragonal barium titanate (BaTiO3)
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrothermal synthesis of tetragonal barium titanate (BaTiO3)Prabir K. Dutta and J. R. GreggCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 4, 843–846Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.…
Multifunctional initiation of lactide polymerization by stannous octoate/pentaerythritol
Abstract L ‐Lactide was polymerized with stannous 2‐ethylhexanoate (stannous octoate) in the presence of pentaerythritol to investigate multifunctional initiation. The prepared oligomers contain starshaped 4‐arm molecules when the mole ratio of [lactide]/[pentaerythritol] is above 32. The molecular weight of oligomers…
Low‐Temperature Nucleation of Rutile Observed by Raman Spectroscopy during Crystallization of TiO 2
The thermal evolution of amorphous TiO 2 powders, consisting of spherical particles and prepared by hydrolysis of a titanium ethoxide aerosol, was studied by using Raman spectroscopy. On calcination at 350°C, the solid crystallized, giving anatase as a major phase. A small amount of rutile was also detected and attrib…
Relaxation and fluctuations in glassy fast-ion conductors: Wide-frequency-range NMR and conductivity measurements
$^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates (${\mathit{R}}_{1}$) versus the temperature at several resonance frequencies (4 to 40 MHz) are reported together with the conductivity measurements, \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega}), in the range 1 Hz to 3.76 MHz on 0.${56\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i}}_{2}$S+0.${4…
Ising-like model for the two-step spin-crossover
We have analyzed an Ising-like model, in the mean-field approach, involving two “antiferromagnetically” coupled sublattices. This model simulates the so-called “two-step” spin-crossover transition, for which a precise definition is given. If both sublattices are equivalent, it implies a spontaneous breaking of symmetr…
Structure and dynamics of polymer brushes near the Θ point: A Monte Carlo simulation
Grafted polymer layers under variable solvent conditions are studied by Monte Carlo simulations using the bond fluctuation model. Structural information such as monomer density profiles, brush thickness, mean-square displacement of monomers, and positions of the monomers along the chain are obtained for temperatures a…
Corrosion Mechanisms for Silver Exposed to the Atmosphere
The physical and chemical phenomena responsible for the atmospheric corrosion of silver are presented. Corrosion layer formation, morphology, and chemical makeup are discussed in the context of silver‐containing minerals and other crystalline structures that thermodynamics and kinetics suggest are likely to be present…
Interaction of water, oxygen, and hydrogen with TiO2(110) surfaces having different defect densities
We have studied the stoichiometric (annealed in oxygen), the slightly oxygen-deficient (annealed in vacuum), and the highly defective (sputtered with Ar+) TiO2(110) surfaces and their reactivities to molecular oxygen, molecular water, and 50-eV hydrogen ions using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy…
Soft Matter (Nobel Lecture)
Polymers, tensides, liquid crystals, and colloids have always stood at the forefront of Pierre‐Gilles de Gennes's interests. He obtained the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1991, and his Nobel lecture is a “sentimental journey in the wonderland of soft matter”, which is what he calls complex fluids. In his contribution, de…
A new modelling of cavitating flows: a numerical study of unsteady cavitation on a hydrofoil section
A new cavity model that can explain the interaction between viscous effects including vortices and cavitation bubbles is presented in this study. This model, which is named a bubble two-phase flow (BTF) model, treats the inside and outside of a cavity as one continuum by regarding the cavity as a compressible viscous…