Materials Literature
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The theory of first-order density-driven phase transitions with frustration due to the long-range Coulomb (LRC) interaction developed in paper I of this series is applied to the following physical systems: (i) the low-density electron gas, (ii) electronic phase separation in the low-density three-dimensional $t\ensure…
In the past five years enormous progress has been made in the ab initio calculations of the optical response of electrons in semiconductors. The calculations include the Coulomb interaction between the excited electron and the hole left behind, as well as local field effects. However, they are performed under the assu…
Crystallization and precipitation from solutions are responsible for 70% of all solid materials produced by the chemical industry. Competing with distillation as a separation and purification technique, their use is widespread. They operate at low temperatures with low energy consumption and yield with high purificati…
Ozone‐alkene reactions generate stabilized Criegee intermediates (of the form R 1 R 2 COO), which are believed to react with water molecules to form organic hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide and carboxylic acids. These reactions are thought to be significant sources of these environmentally important compounds, yet bo…
Silica/diblock films with various mesostructures of large characteristic length scales were synthesized through evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA). The structure-directing agents used were amphiphilic polystyrene- block -poly(ethylene oxide) (PS- b -PEO) diblock copolymers of high molecular weights. The synthesi…
In perovskite manganites La0.7−xNdxCa0.3MnO3 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.20) prepared by the sol–gel technique, large magnetocaloric effects have been observed. The maximum of the magnetic entropy change peaks at the magnetic ordering temperature. Compared to La0.7Ca0.3MnO3, an enhancement of the magnetocaloric effec…
Abstract A systematic procedure is presented for the synthesis and development of manufacturing processes for creams and pastes. The procedure integrates the skills of a chemist and a chemical engineer to produce a product with specified properties. The desired functional and sensorial performance of the product is fi…
Abstract The rheology of blends of linear and branched poly(lactic acid) (PLA) architectures is comprehensively investigated. Measurement of the melt rheological properties of PLA is complicated by degradation effects but the addition of 0.35 wt% tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite (TNPP) provides excellent stabilization over…
We have performed ab-initio total energy calculations for the system of BaTiO 3 doped with 3 d transition metal (from Sc to Cu), within the framework of the local spin-density approximation (LSDA). Total energies corresponding to the nonmagnetic, ferromagnetic, and anti-ferromagnetic configurations of the magnetic ord…
We present results of molecular‐dynamics simulations of the thermal conductivity, κ, of ZrO 2 and Y 2 O 3 ‐stabilized ZrO 2 (YSZ). For both pure ZrO 2 and YSZ with low concentrations of Y 2 O 3 , we find that the high‐temperature κ is typical of a crystalline solid, with the dominant mechanism being phonon‐phonon scat…
Atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) results are shown for substitutionally doped boron atoms in the hexagonal carbon network of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). STM images of boron-doped HOPG reveal not only a clear change in the electronic structure of the surface graphene network, but a…
Abstract The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have been studied using dynamic TG‐DTG at heating rates between 1 and 25°C/min at atmospheric pressure. Two different atmospheres were used: on the one hand, an inert atmosphere (N 2 )in order to study the pyrolysis of the material, a…
The d1 layer metals TaS 2 , TaSe 2 , NbSe 2 , in all their various polytypic modifications, acquire, below some appropriate temperature, phase conditions that their electromagnetic properties have previously revealed as 'anomalous'. Our present electron-microscopic studies indicate that this anomalous behaviour usuall…
We investigate the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect (PLC), by compressing Al-Mg alloys in a very large deformation range, and interpret the results from the viewpoint of phase transitions and critical phenomena. The system undergoes two dynamical phase transitions between intermittent (or "jerky") and "laminar" plastic dy…
We derive the low-temperature properties of the molecular magnet {Mo 72 Fe 30 }, where 30 Fe 3+ paramagnetic ions occupy the sites of an icosidodecahedron and interact via isotropic nearest-neighbour antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange. The key idea of our model (J. S. & M. L.) is that the low-lying excitations form…
We explore the behavior of neon, xenon, and methane films adsorbed on the external surface of a bundle of carbon nanotubes. The methods used are classical: a ground state calculation, by grand potential energy minimization, and the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method of simulation. Our results are similar to tho…
We have investigated in vivo the change with age of various parameters that describe the physical properties of skin. The parameters were derived from pressure/displacement curves obtained by applying reduced pressure to a small area of skin and measuring the resulting displacement by 20 MHz scan echography. By fittin…
From the Publisher: The first inclusive book on the cutting-edge field of modern optics and its applicationsFor the first time, all the major aspects of designing planar DOEs are covered in one book, comprised of original methods developed by experts at the Russian Academy of Sciences' Image Processing Systems Institu…
Abstract This article discusses the composition, properties, and behaviors of copper and its alloys. It begins with an overview of the characteristics, applications, and commercial grades of wrought and cast copper. It then discusses the role of alloying, explaining how zinc, tin, aluminum, silicon, and nickel affect…
The luminescence of pure and europium-doped nanocrystalline YVO 4 and YP 0.95 V 0.05 O 4 and the energy transfer processes in such nanoparticles have been studied by temperature dependent luminescence spectroscopy and luminescence lifetime measurements. The results indicate thermally activated energy transfer between…