Materials Literature
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A distributional method to solve the Einstein’s field equations for thin shells is formulated. The familiar field equations and jump conditions of Darmois-Israel formalism are derived. A careful analysis of the Bianchi identities shows that, for cases under consideration, they make sense as distributions and lead to j…
Silicate glasses of the composition (Li 2 O) x (SiO 2 ) 100−x ( x = 0, 20, 33.3, and 40) have been prepared and characterized by X‐ray and neutron diffraction experiments using the technique of isotopic substitution. Thus, at each composition, a set of independent diffraction patterns allows the discussion of the shor…
Abstract The polymerization of 2‐acetoxymethyl‐2‐alkyltrimethylene carbonates (alkyl = methyl: AMTC, alkyl = ethyl: AETC) and of 2‐methoxycarbonyl‐2‐methyltrimethylene carbonate (MMTC) in toluene with sec ‐butyllithium as initiator results in the respective polymer with yields between 78% and 88%. The analysis of the…
A simple digital method of measuring the performance of detectors in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is described. The value derived is absolute and can therefore be used to compare both different detectors on the same instrument as well as different detectors on different instruments. The technique can be appl…
We present experimental photoemission and inverse photoemission spectra of SrTiO 3 − δ representing electron-doped d 0 systems. Photoemission spectra in the presence of electron doping exhibit prominent features arising from electron correlation effects, while the inverse photoemission spectra are dominated by spectra…
Differentiating chick limb-bud mesenchymal cells plated in micromass culture form a cartilage matrix that can be mineralized in the presence of 4 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi), and 1 mM calcium. Previous studies showed that when beta-glycerophosphate (beta GP) is used in place of Pi, the mineral crystals formed are larg…
Cuprous oxide ( Cu 2 O) films are prepared by simple thermal dry oxidation of sputtered Cu films at temperatures lower than 350° C. The relationship between growth rate of Cu 2 O film and oxidation temperature is formulated from both optical and Rutherford backscattering measurements, along with a similar relationship…
Bismuth oxide is an interesting dielectric material with potential applications for optical coatings. MIS capacitors, and microwave integrated circuits. CVD growth has a number of advantages over other deposition techniques, e.g., precise control of oxygen activity, microstructure, and texture. The study presented her…
Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members…
The scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave incident upon an inhomogeneous multilayer structure is considered in symbolic form. In this framework a scattering-matrix propagation algorithm that decouples recurrences for backward- and forward-scattered wave amplitudes is developed. By construction the scattering-mat…
Activity comparable to that of noble metal catalysts is shown by the Mn‐, Co‐, or Fe‐stabilized ZrO 2 catalysts for the low‐temperature combustion of methane. The incorporation of the transition metal into the ZrO 2 bulk structure not only stabilizes the cubic (fluorite) modification, but also increases the reactivity…
Low-energy excitations were investigated in amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate) by means of both neutron and Raman scatterings, in a wide temperature interval. The frequency dependence of the light-vibration coupling coefficient was deduced, especially at low temperature where the quasi-elastic contribution is not sig…
Density fluctuations are monitored by small-angle light scattering during the crystallization of 0.22-\ensuremath{\mu}m-radius, hard colloidal spheres. Measured structure factors show an intensity maximum at finite-scattering vectors. The shape of the intensity distribution scales at early times during nucleation and…
Results of molecular-dynamics computer simulations are presented for a simple microscopic model of thermotropic liquid crystals. The system is composed of short multibead semiflexible chains where the beads are connected by an anharmonic spring. The intermolecular bead-bead interactions are modeled by Lennard-Jones po…
Reflection ellipsometry is applied to characterize the molecular orientation of rubbed polyimide films for liquid crystal display devices. Thickness, dielectric constants and tilt angle of the principal dielectric axis of the molecularly oriented upper layer and thickness of the random layer in rubbed polyimide films…
To improve the blood compatibility of a segmented polyurethane (SPU), phospholipid polymer, i.e., 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) copolymerized with cyclohexyl methacrylate or 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, was blended into SPU as a polymeric additive. The blending was achieved by a solvent-evaporation tech…
Micromachined vertical mirrors and lenses in Si were fabricated as micro-optical components. A Cl2 plasma generated by an electron cyclotron resonance source was used to etch these mirrors and lenses in Si and the etched Si sidewalls were characterized by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A tri…
Vanadium pentoxide xerogel (XRG) materials have shown promise for use as cathodes in high energy density batteries. A composite cathode was formed from a mixture of the XRG, carbon, and two binders and studied in a coin cell configuration. The cathode, separator, and lithium anode were stacked in a 2016 coin cell cont…
Rheological properties in the nematic phase of 5CB (4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl) are investigated under applications of electric fields. When an electric field of a few kV mm−1 is applied, an increase in the apparent viscosity is observed with its amount being saturated at higher electric fields, which is accompanied…
SUMMARY Comprehensive accounts for the newly proposed concept of the random sampling technique are given in detail. This techniques involves random sampling of polymer molecules from an infinite number of polymeric species in the reaction mixture, and can provide a deeper insight into the complex molecular buildup pro…